2013-05-22T11:00:15-04:00 Renu Mandhane http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/author/index.php?author=renu-mandhane Copyright 2008, HuffingtonPost.com, Inc. HuffingtonPost Blogger Feed for Renu Mandhane Good old fashioned elbow grease. tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1562704 2012-06-01T13:09:30-04:00 2012-08-01T05:12:19-04:00

Renu Mandhane http://www.huffingtonpost.com/renu-mandhane/ UN Committee Against Torture slammed Canada's treatment of prisoners with mental health issues. The committee found that Canada has inadequate infrastructure to deal with the rising and complex needs of prisoners with mental illness, and continues to use inappropriate and extensively prolonged solitary confinement to deal with them. The committee recommends that Canada increase the capacity of mental health treatment centres, abolish the use of solitary confinement for persons with serious or acute mental health issues, and otherwise ensure that solitary confinement is limited and subject to judicial oversight.

This is the first time that the Committee Against Torture has considered a state party's treatment of prisoners with mental health issues and, as such, their recommendations have potentially far-reaching implications beyond our borders. Given that Canada is viewed by many as the "gold standard" in corrections, these findings are also an important reminder that serious problems remain within the Correctional Service of Canada.

The committee's findings echo concerns raised in the International Human Rights Program (IHRP) at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law's report, Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading? Canada's Treatment of Federally-Sentenced Women with Mental Health Issues. The IHRP provided this report to the committee in advance of its consideration of Canada, while similar concerns were also raised by the Canadian Human Rights Commission in its submissions.

Canada has been a party to the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment for more than 25 years. As a state party, Canada is required to report to an oversight body -- the Committee Against Torture -- on its implementation of the convention every four years. The last time the committee considered and reported on Canada was in 2005, well before Ashley Smith's high-profile, in-custody death at Grand Valley Institution in Kitchener, Ontario.

The committee's clear recommendation that Canada immediately stop the use of solitary confinement against prisoners with serious or acute mental health issues is being welcomed by the NGOs who endorsed the IHRP report, including the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies, DisAbled Women's Network of Canada, and Native Women's Association of Canada. These groups caution, however, that mental health treatment should not be provided within the prison context, but rather in community residential facilities within the jurisdiction of health care authorities.

The ball is now firmly in the government's court to take decisive action to protect the rights of federally-sentenced women with mental health issues and end the now-predictable cycle of institutional adjustment problems, excessive use of force, associated institutional and criminal charges, ballooning sentences, administrative segregation (sometimes for months at a time) and transfers across the country away from family and community support.

Last week in Geneva, the same city where the Committee Against Torture was considering Canada's record, our Minister of Health, Leona Aglukkaq was leading an international roundtable to discuss how to address mental health issues. Aglukkaq publicly stated, "Our government is serious about advancing mental health issues, and will continue to work with national and international partners."

If our government is really serious about ending rights-violations against persons with mental health issues, it must protect the rights of those who are most marginalized. Canada must heed the Committee Against Torture's recommendations and provide residential facilities to treat prisoners with mental health issues, and end the use of solitary confinement against them. Anything less would be an embarrassment of international proportions.]]> tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1535657 2012-05-22T09:18:53-04:00 2012-07-22T05:12:24-04:00

Renu Mandhane http://www.huffingtonpost.com/renu-mandhane/
Yet, in a University of Toronto Faculty of Law report released earlier this month, "Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading? Canada's Treatment of Federally-Sentenced Women with Mental Health Issues," we find that Canada is likely in breach of this very basic human right.

The story of Ashley Smith's in-custody death in 2007 was so shocking that it touched many Canadians unaccustomed to empathy for prisoners. How could a young, mentally-ill woman asphyxiate to death while prison guards filmed the incident a few feet away? Our report, produced by the International Human Rights Program at the Faculty is shocking because it details how women a lot like Ashley continue to be treated in a manner that breaches their human rights.

Years after Smith's death, the Correctional Service still has scarce resources available to federally-sentenced women with mental health issues, despite the fact that nearly a third of imprisoned women identify as having such issues upon intake.

This lack of treatment leads to a now-predictable cycle of institutional adjustment problems, excessive use of force, associated institutional and criminal charges, ballooning sentences, administrative segregation (sometimes for months at a time), and transfers across the country away from family and community support. The cumulative effect is cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment, and it is entirely at odds with Canadian notions of justice.

Canada pledged to eradicate torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment when it signed the Convention more than 25 years ago. Yet, in its report to the Committee which covers the time period including Smith's death, Canada doesn't mention its treatment of federally-sentenced women with serious mental health issues at all.

Instead, in what appears to be a veiled reference to the Smith case, the federal government congratulates itself for "promptly and decisively" investigating and disciplining negligent correctional staff. There is no reference to systemic change to ensure that another woman doesn't suffer a similar fate; this is despite the fact that the Canadian prison ombudsman found that "Ms. Smith's death was the result of individual failures that occurred in combination with much larger systemic issues within ill-functioning and under-resourced correctional and mental health systems."

Given the federal government's rush to fill our penitentiaries, we urge the Committee against Torture to send a strong signal to Canada to stop serious rights violations against federally-sentenced women with mental health issues. These women are amongst the most marginalized members of our society and it is distressing that a public shaming in an international forum is required to persuade Canada to treat its own citizens with dignity and respect.]]>