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Brenden Hurley

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How to Prevent Another Cyclist's Death

Posted: 11/23/2012 3:15 pm

Five people have died riding their bikes in Toronto this year. You can debate what the causality is in each incident. It doesn't change that they'll never ride again. It doesn't change that there's been too much blood in these streets.

Now is not the time for rhetoric. Now is the time to realize that being on these streets goes both ways. As cyclists we must respect drivers. And we must respect how hard cyclists are to see at night. In practice, safety on the bike is the rider's responsibility. No matter how much you separate bike lanes, or plan a city centre for cycling, your decisions as a cyclist are the ones that make you safe or not.

This is particularly relevant as days get shorter and most commuters must ride in the dark during winter. Worse, inclement weather makes riding inherently dangerous. Factor in slick manhole covers, street car tracks or even leaves and ice, and commuting all winter can be daunting. However, as a cyclist you can make choices to mitigate these risks and arrive safely at work and home each day.

The single most important decision is to wear a helmet! You can debate the stats all day, or fuss over messed up hair at the office. Just slap that syrofoam on your head before you ever get on your bike.

The second most important thing is to respect red lights! Too many cyclists casually breeze through intersections because they think no one's coming through. Remove that decision altogether and just stop. You'll always be safe that way. Besides, most lights are controlled enough that you will be stopped at an intersection at some point. Running reds will expose you to more risks than gain you time on your commute. Outside of this, you should stop because you expect other users of the road to stop as well.

Use more lights than you think reasonable. I use one blinky on my bag, and one on my arm. Both at driver's eye height. Lights hanging off your saddle or seat stays are too low to be seen by drivers. Always consider how high a driver is in their car and mount your lights accordingly! I use a white KNOG-off blinky from MEC on the front, but wish I had another on my helmet. In addition, my commuter bike has the police mandated reflective tape on fork blades and seat stays. You must be visible to stay safe.

Ride in the middle of the lane you're in. Or at least as far left as reasonable in the bike lane. Contrary to prevailing wisdom, this does not put you in harm's path. It makes you easier to see by placing you in driver's sight lines. It also prevents having to merge around obstacles and gives you space to bail left or right in case of trouble. Most importantly it prevents cars from trying to squeeze by you. As a cyclist it's your right to decide when to share!

Corollary to this is to avoid passing slow or stopped cars on their right side (i.e. between a car and the curb). Everyone does it, but cut it out at night. It won't speed up your commute that much. Besides, drivers can't see you there, and it massively complicates the merger required for drivers turning right. I prefer to roll up and stop behind a vehicle in the middle of their bumper and let my white blinkie flash through the rear window. This way there is no confusion where you are, and if they're turning right, you can pass safely on their left without any guess work. When driving, don't be afraid to merge directly into the share road or bike lane when turning right. It's why the lines are dashed! Both these strategies greatly reduce the complexity regarding decisions made by cars turning right.

The most important thing about riding at night/winter is to take it easy! In the dark you're competing with lights way brighter than you, and driver's eyes are constantly resetting their dynamic range. Consequently you are easy to miss, and decision making becomes compressed due to late sighting, or fails because you are invisible. Even with blinkies, you're hard to see and it's hard to judge your speed, so just be easy during these winter months. Make good decisions and don't ever press the situation.

What I'm saying is, never ride full tilt in the dark and err on the side of caution. Especially in the winter. Operate with at least a 10 per cent buffer on your bike skills (i.e. evasion, braking, cornering, acceleration). Avoid sprinting for yellows near dawn/dask or at night. Cars turning left cannot see you well. Just wait for the next light. Don't rail that corner. Don't pin it on each straight away. Always give yourself a place to go, whether that's left, right or straight ahead. However, riding within your skills and capabilities is critical for giving you some space to manoeuvre.

I've been riding winters for a while. It used to seem insane and a little frightening. However, by making conscientious decisions I've been able to make commuting in the winter safe and fun! For me, there's almost never a reason to hop in the car or TTC, I can always be free on my bike.

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  • Calgary

    Calgary scores <a href="http://blogs.calgaryherald.com/2012/05/15/new-bike-score-shows-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-calgarys-pathway-network/" target="_hplink">high in the inner city, older suburbs and northeast region</a>, thanks to its multiuse pathways.

  • Charlottetown

    While the prettiness of cruising Charlottetown on a bike is a real draw for tourists, it looks like only the very downtown core has any true 'bikeability' - <a href="http://spacingatlantic.ca/2011/06/14/connecting-the-dots-mapping-charlottetowns-cycling-infrastructure/" target="_hplink">Spacing magazine noted this could be due to the lack of connections between pathways</a>, and the lack of a usable map for visitors.

  • Halifax

    Halifax and nearby Dartmouth showed a similar pattern to other cities -- while the downtown areas had great 'bikeability', as you leave the core, it becomes more difficult. In the past, columnists have <a href="http://www.thecoast.ca/halifax/cycling-frustration/Content?oid=1663033" target="_hplink">complained about the lack of cycling infrastructure</a>, including paths and places to lock bikes.

  • Moncton

    Only a very small swath of land in Moncton is deemed bikeable -- <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2011/07/18/nb-bike-lanes-moncton-kingston-139.html" target="_hplink">the city has had struggles when trying to enact a more bike-friendly attitude</a> and infrastructure.

  • St. John's

    Virtually unbikeable, the hills in St. John's make it difficult terrain to navigate by bike -- Newfoundland in general had <a href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-561/table/t3c-eng.cfm" target="_hplink">the lowest rate of people who commute by bicycle in the country</a>, according to the most recent statistics. That, however, hasn't stopped the city from <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/07/27/cycling-plan-stjohns-council-727.html" target="_hplink">attempting to create a cycling plan that works for everyone</a>.

  • Saskatoon

    With its flat lands, Saskatoon lends itself nicely to cycling, and in fact, scored <a href="http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/environment-utsp-casestudy-cs77ebikeplanning-1177.htm" target="_hplink">second-place for cities where commuters bike to work</a>. It also has an extensive cycling network in development, with <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/story/2009/07/28/bike-lanes.html" target="_hplink">new paths and lanes being added all the time</a>.

  • Montreal

    It makes sense that <a href="https://montreal.bixi.com/" target="_hplink">the original home of Bixi bikes</a> would do so well on the cycling scale. Montreal's relatively flat terrain and condensed size -- not to mention its bike paths and Bixi stations -- earned it <a href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1915050_1915041_1915033,00.html" target="_hplink">a place on Time Magazine's Top 10 Urban Bike Trips list</a>.

  • Toronto

    Toronto's size plays a major factor in its bikeability -- bike-friendly areas are scattered throughout the city, but there are plenty of places where bikes still dare not go. And despite a much-publicized '<a href="http://www.theworld.org/2012/05/war-on-the-streets-of-toronto-motorists-vs-cyclists/" target="_hplink">war on cyclists</a>,' there are <a href="http://bikingtoronto.com/maps/bikelanes/" target="_hplink">plenty of sites</a> and <a href="http://www.ibiketo.ca" target="_hplink">people advocating for better resources</a>.

  • Vancouver

    Vancouver scores very high on the bike-friendly index, thanks to the topography, bike lanes, and the difficult-to-qualify-but-still-important bike culture. It has a ways to go though -- <a href="http://vancouver.openfile.ca/blog/vancouver/2012/vancouvers-bike-score-heat-map-shows-city-one-canadas-most-bikeable" target="_hplink">northern Europe does better than every Canadian city on the map</a>.

  • Victoria

    Victoria was right up alongside Vancouver in terms of bikeability, and <a href="http://www.gvcc.bc.ca/" target="_hplink"> its strong Cycling Coalition and "Cycling Master Plan"</a> make it easy to see why.

 

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09:51 AM on 11/25/2012
What New suggestions did you give? Haven't all of them been written before numerous times?
How about getting away from the same old including the fickle City Hall that not only dismantles bike lanes, but the ones that try to install they do it most inefficiently and haphazardly, as they just did on Sherbourne street. GO instead with our proposal to the Province to Legislate Alternative Transportation (Cycling) so to "over-ride" the City Hall ineptness and contradictions: http://www.ecopolitics.ca/transport/cyc/legislation_for_alternative_transportation.php
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10:27 AM on 11/26/2012
I love how you cry and scream when they remove a painted lane from Jarvis yet a curb separated bike lane one block over is not good enough for you. You hate Rob Ford, we get that but your logic is so full of holes on this one.
03:23 PM on 11/26/2012
Bur you can look and not being able to see...
I am neither screaming nor hating Ford. But knowing the inconsistencies, inefficiencies, and political shenaningans of TO City Hall for the past two decades, I know that they can do nothing right, it is always arbitrary and careless. As for being satisfied with bike lanes, don't ge a greedy car-hog of the roads, which take tremendously more space than all other modes of transportation, and for which we all pay for with our taxes.
08:43 AM on 11/25/2012
TO driver. Byclists should make every effort to ensure they can be seen especially when riding at dusk or at night. I am amazed at how many cyclists wear dark clothing while riding at night and render themselves almost invisible on city streets. A couple of tiny blinking lights just don't cut it. I think this article should have suggested that anyone riding in low light hours should wear a high visibility safety vest so they can been seen. Why do you think such vests and similar clothing are mandatory safety requirements for construction crews? Such vests are cheaper than bike helmets but just as essential safety-wise. Sure they're not fashionable, but who cares about fashion when your life is at stake.
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Brenden Hurley
12:06 PM on 11/26/2012
All very legitimate points. They are also useful b/c the use the ~700 lumen car head lights as a source rather than the ~70-100 lumen bike lights.

However, if you commute wearing a bag they're not quite as useful. Personally, I have some high visibility reflective strips sown onto my bag, and use the reflective cuffs on my arms. I then also clip a light to the cuff on my left arm.

Finally, a proper fitting bike helmet will always be better protection than a vest. Although a vest may decrease the chances of a car-bike collision, having a helmet will increase the chance you eventually walk away from that.
09:16 PM on 11/24/2012
Great article! I have clocked over 12,000 kms on my bike over the last 3 years commuting from Etobicoke to my office in downtown Toronto. Two other tips: try to make eye contact with car drivers - that way you know that they see you AND drive like every car out there is trying to kill you - they aren't obviously but it doesn't hurt to pretend!

Two weeks ago, a cyclist was killed going through a red light. 2 days after that, i was stopped at a red light and bike blew past me narrowly missing a car. I caught up to him at University Ave and said "what you did back there is exactly what killed a guy 2 days ago". he responded "whatever".

I hate to admit it, but my closest calls have been with other cyclists and pedestrians (well and a couple of cabs and a black Esplanade with tinted windows). I have had cyclists riding behind me almost hit me when I stop at stop signs and red lights.

Please, other cyclists, please pay attention to the highway traffic act - it might just save your life.

Oh, and some decent bike lanes wouldn't hurt. Are you listening toronto?
09:58 AM on 11/25/2012
If you think that all it takes is eye contact, you are quite naive. It takes change in mentality, not in looks. Drivers have been given all the priorities available to any commuter at the expence and disragard for the rest; and they adopted them happily. There is no such thing as "share the road" in essence. Only in writing and rhetoric. When all costs for building and maintaining roads, environmental deterioation costs, gridlock, etc are assigned to drivers and distributed equally to other modes of transportation, then we can talk of "sharing the road" not now as the lopsided infrastructure is.
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Brenden Hurley
12:41 PM on 11/26/2012
In my experience this is completely false. I've been sharing the road with motorists for over a decade. I've ridden 6000+ km this year with no accidents and less than five 'close calls' (i.e. requiring evasive action). Do some attempt to bully by honking or overtaking very closely? Of course. Don't discount the hundreds of drivers that have slowed, waited for you to yield and then overtake. More drivers respect cyclists than you think, and give us space on the road.

The attitude that no drivers share the road is not helpful. The US vs THEM mentality engenders conflict between road users who must share infrastructure to exist. Worse, the idea of driver infrastructure vs. bike infrastructure will never end well for the 1.6% mode share (2006; http://www.toronto.ca/cycling/reports/statistics/statistics.htm). Remember that even Portland and Vancouver have mode shares of ~6% for cycling (http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/pdf/roadtohealth.pdf), and even a high use bike lane like Harbord is about 20-30% cyclists (http://www.ibiketo.ca/blog/harbord-separated-bike-lanes-get-mostly-positive-reception-residents-and-business). Cyclists will always be a minority of road users.

Consequently, dialogue between road users is essential. Convincing drivers that bike specific infrastructure will save time for everyone is the only hope, and this will never be achieved without dialogue and reconciliation. In the end, we're all just trying to get to work and back home.
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Brenden Hurley
11:55 AM on 11/26/2012
This is great advice!

In particular making eye-contact is very useful. At a minimum it lets you judge if someone can see (i.e. they are looking at you). Too many cyclists ride through intersections without being properly aware of their surroundings.
07:27 PM on 11/24/2012
More should be put into bike lanes

When it comes to bike there is a group of bike riders who think traffic laws do not apply to them, don't worry about red lights, stop signs or turning signals.
There is also a group of car driver with the attitude "get that GD thing off my road, I am a car and I have rights"
Both groups need some attitude adjustment, like maybe some good size fines for not following the rules
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Medusa Sant
Jedi on the streets. Sith in the sheets.
03:51 PM on 11/24/2012
I can't emphasize enough how important it is for cyclists to STOP at red lights and Stop Signs. I see it all the time, and you can bet the driver will be the one who gets blamed for the resulting collision.
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11:45 AM on 11/24/2012
As a former cyclist (now a walker), I cannot agree with obeying laws completely as they were made for cars. They mostly work for cyclists but will sometimes put you at risk.

For instance if I'm in a left turning lane at a red light and the intersection is clear, it is safer for me to get out of the way of some bozo who may rear end me. If its sensor operated, a cyclist won't activate them and one might as well go. Second I always have an escape route. Seen a few drivers unable to operate their car, going backwards instead of forward when a light turns. Directly behind a rear view mirror is a bad idea.

Always be seen, always be courteous to other modes especially pedestrians, give cars space to pass when possible. Gleefully (but carefully) pass when cars stuck in traffic.
09:14 AM on 11/25/2012
No, if you're trying to turn left and you feel unsafe out there in the road, you should pull over to the right, dismount, and walk your bike across the intersection, cross again to get back into the right lane, and remount your bike.
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10:55 AM on 11/24/2012
Good stuff.

Moral of the story, ride as if you have time. Because you allowed for it, you do.
10:36 AM on 11/24/2012
this is not so much "prevent another cyclist's death" as it is "how to perhaps improve your own odds". if you really want to prevent another cycling death, we need to make the roads and the traffic safer for cyclists - and part of that involves taking cycling seriously as a mode of transportation. so bike lanes! for one. not just a painted line on a street or a curb that trucks can drive over without even noticing. and by the way, what about municipalities that STOP maintaining bike paths in the winter?!!! yes, sometimes wearing a helmet can help. but there's lots of times even a suit of armour won't help you against a car. time we started owning the roads.
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10:32 AM on 11/26/2012
Well listening to the bike riders on this site the Sherbourne bike lanes have teeth and eat people. Thinking you own the road is what gets you killed, bike riders generally aren't held responsible for bad cycling and therefore ignore the laws as they see fit. You can say it's the evil drivers all day long but the facts tend to disagree.
12:40 AM on 11/24/2012
As a cyclist, I have a no ride during poor weather and low day light visibility. So far it kept me safe, but I must admit there are alot of crappy drivers out there and a few do make it a point to show a cyclist your not welcomed on the road with them.
09:54 PM on 11/23/2012
True story. I heard on tv that bike riders should ride in the middle of the lane. the next time I rode my bike I followed the advice I'd just heard. A massive twenty two wheeler came up behind me and beeped at me. I kept riding. He beeped again. I rode on. He beeped. I rode on. Then he hit his horn very hard. I thought I would go over the handle bars but I kept riding. eventually he passed e. Never rode my bike again.
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Brenden Hurley
12:01 PM on 11/26/2012
When taking half a lane on a bike, you must also be prepared to yield to faster moving vehicles (HTA 148.4; 148.6; http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90h08_e.htm#BK227)

To paraphrase, bikes can ride as far left as safe AND with enough room to yield right to faster moving vehicles. In the event that a faster moving vehicle wants to overtake you, you must yield right and the faster vehicle must move to the left as far as possible.

I use the convention when I ride, and generally find it the safest way to ride.
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magnus gigas caput
07:55 PM on 11/23/2012
I ride daily very early in the morning you want to save yourself get something like monkey lights!
They have saved me many times from people not paying attention coming out of side streets.

Multiple lights front and back and at least reflective tape on both sides.
People in cars please stay off our tails...You give us nowhere to go if a door opens or a hazard like a rock appears and we fall you'll feel Bumpity Bump.

If your afraid to pass me please stay back Cyclists get rear view mirrors they will save your life.
MEC has an excellent wire one.

Cities please pay special attention at this time of year to keeping the bike paths clean!
You tend to cut back on sweeping just when we need it the most. A head sized rock will stop you pretty fast so will a couch cushion....Both on my local path this week. The dangers at this time of year are huge as people drive poorly at this time of year. To the other 360s out there this will be a year to enjoy some snow. Ride safe.
07:55 PM on 11/23/2012
I think it is high time we considered licensing cyclists, or at least instituting some type of compulsory education similar to Boat Smart, in order to reduce the number of accidents and foster a sense of responsibility that many cyclists seem to lack.

A large number of cyclists out there are under the mistaken impression that they are in a special class when it comes to obeying the rules of the road, particularly with any rule or sign that involves stopping; like coming to a COMPLETE stop at ALL stop signs, not running red lights before they turn green, stopping behind street cars with their doors open, stopping at pedestrian crossings etc.

There seems to be this mentality among many cyclists that any reason to come to a stop or slow down is some sort of inconvenience, and should not be tolerated. There are even numerous cycles out there (fixed wheel bikes designed for use on a closed track) that don't even have brakes.

The police also bear some of the blame for not enforcing existing rules for cyclists. I’ve seen many cyclists sail through stop signs with a cop sitting right there taking no action.

Lights, helmets, brakes and reflective clothing should be mandatory. Cycles that do not meet code should be impounded, and cyclists with repeat offence records should be fined or have their cycling privileges suspended, as is done with the operator of any other type of vehicle.
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11:50 PM on 11/23/2012
You are likely fairly young, bicycles were licensed back in the 1960s when I was growing up. A Police officer came around to all the elementary schools each year & put each kid wanting a bike license through obstacle course tests. It was ended at some point in the early 70s.

Contrary to what you might believe, the purpose behind most forms of licensing is to generate revenue (a cash grab). Licensing & drivers courses for automobiles & motorcycles serve no useful purpose. When my grandparents got their licenses they just paid a fee. When my parents got licenses they paid a fee & drove down a street a ways then back. They also just went to a local garage to get their license & so called driving test.

Today we make people jump through hoops, a total waste of time & energy. If you can't drive a vehicle in the first 30 minutes you never will. If you can drive in that first 30 minutes your as good as your ever going to be.

Auto insurance didn't exist prior to the 60s & only became mandatory in the late 70s when someone figured out how profitable it was.
06:01 PM on 11/24/2012
I'm not even sure how to respond to that. The idea that licensing and driving tests are nothing more than a cash grab is beyond ridiculous. When someone gets behind the wheel, they are effectively yielding a potentially deadly weapon if not operated correctly. The fact that cyclists frequently feel threatened and in danger while operating their bicycles correctly is prof that drivers need some sort of oversight.
11:14 PM on 11/24/2012
I don't even know where to begin with that comment. Licensing and drivers examinations are absolutely about more than the money. The idea that people who operate motor vehicles don't need any oversight is absurd.

When you get behind the wheel of a car, you are effectively yielding a potentially deadly weapon. The simple fact that a cyclist who is operating their bicycle properly and with all the correct equipment can feel threatened by drivers on a daily basis is proof that drivers need education and oversight.
07:14 PM on 11/23/2012
Great article!

Wearing a helmet is going to do absolutely nothing against a car. That has nothing to do with stats, it's physics. I just want to get that straight because while helmets help protect against falls and stray branches, they can't do anything against a bad driver :)

And yeah - it's important to be well-lit and have reflectors. Drivers need to be able to see you!!! (You'd think that would go without saying ...)
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Brenden Hurley
12:14 PM on 11/26/2012
Any time you fall off your bike having that helmet between the ground and your skull is a very good thing.

Also, cars can cause cyclists to fall without direct collisions at high speed. When you get doored, a helmet helps a lot. Taking evasive action to avoid a direct collision might also result in falling down. It's really nice to have a helmet in that scenario. Helmets save lives, and have saved my life twice.
06:23 PM on 11/23/2012
At least half of the cyclists we see in Toronto at night have no reflectors, no lights and wear dark clothing. They are almost impossible to see from a car. It's a wonder more haven't been killed.
06:10 PM on 11/23/2012
all good advice, I concur