One of British Columbia's most effective climate regulations is at risk.
Even though fuel providers make more profit off drivers in B.C. than anywhere else in Canada, the industry is requesting that the province review low-carbon fuel standards, which require vehicle fuels to become cleaner.
As energy experts recently wrote in an op-ed for The Vancouver Sun, B.C.'s policy has been effective at cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vehicles without people even noticing a change in lifestyle.
Most British Columbians don't even realize their fuel is becoming cleaner. By all accounts, the clean fuel rules have been a quiet success story.
And yet, they have come under threat.
Fuel providers in B.C. are asking the provincial government to review its "renewable and low-carbon fuel regulations."
According to John Axsen, a sustainable energy professor at Simon Fraser University, some fuel providers "want the B.C. government to weaken [the policy]."
But fully one-quarter of B.C.'s recent success at reducing climate pollution is due to ramping up the use of low-carbon fuels.
In fact, each year low carbon fuels have kept roughly 900 kilotonnes of carbon emissions from entering the atmosphere. This has reduced the province's GHG impact by the equivalent of 190,499 passenger vehicles, or all passenger vehicles in the city of Vancouver.
Yet certain fuel providers claim the rules are uneconomic and are requesting that the provincial government review the low-carbon policy.
B.C. pays more for fuel than anywhere else in Canada
Critics have been quick to point out the oil and gas industry is especially profitable in British Columbia:
As the chart above demonstrates, the petroleum industry makes more profit from Vancouver drivers than drivers in any other city in Canada -- almost double the national average.
B.C. consumers would have saved $905 million since 2010 if oil companies in the province had made the Canadian average profit (for both refining and selling gasoline and diesel) according to data gathered from Statistics Canada.
Despite gaining nearly a billion dollars since 2010 in "extra" profit in B.C., the industry is still lobbying against B.C.'s clean fuel rules.
According to Matt Horne, B.C. associate regional director with clean energy consulting and advocacy group the Pembina Institute, the province held a workshop with industry representatives about a year ago to discuss the fuel regulations.
"There were lots of concerns expressed that companies weren't able to comply with the policy," he said.
"To the extent I've looked at it, the concern as I understand it is that it's not economic to comply with the policy."
Horne says representatives with the province and with low-carbon fuel providers have argued the policy is in fact economic and works well as it's intended: as a long-term strategy.
"This policy gives B.C. the ability to plan going forward. It's a long-term policy, it has a 10-year time stamp, and it has a lot of flexibility," Horne said. "There are lots of ways to comply with the policy as long as companies get their carbon down."
He added that B.C. has committed to the Pacific Coast Action Plan on Climate and Energy.
"The province made a pretty clear commitment to Washington, Oregon, and California that it's going to stay committed to its low-carbon commitment, and I think it will stick to that," he said.
"I think Washington, Oregon, and California are expecting the same."
Blog continues below slideshow:
5 Ways To Be More Fuel Efficient
Industry pushback
According to B.C.'s Ministry of Energy and Mines spokesperson David Haslam, "petroleum suppliers have expressed concerns regarding their ability to comply with existing standards given options currently available."
Haslam told DeSmog Canada the review is intended to "identify how to best enable and support compliance":
"This past spring, the province conducted a thorough consultation process to review the ability of fuel suppliers to comply with existing standards," Haslam said, "given the options currently available for generating low-carbon fuel credits."
He said the province will release a report and recommendations based on consultation "shortly."
Industry can't afford clean fuels?
The oil and gas industry in B.C. is suggesting it cannot afford low-carbon fuel rules or that such rules are unrealistic, following a pattern of pushback already seen in both Oregon and California.
In fact, both the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) launched legal challenges against the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard in 2012, calling renewables "phantom fuels."
The API even sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency over a minimum renewable fuel requirement in the U.S. transportation fuel supply.
Canadian oil industry groups have also pushed back against mandatory low-carbon and renewable fuel requirements. In 2011, the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) criticized the federal government's biodiesel requirements as "unfeasible."
The Canadian Fuels Association maintains that "new fuel standards and specifications should be based on sound science and credible cost-benefit analyses," indicating a strong concern with profitability for the industry. When it comes to renewable fuels such as biodiesel, they state that "wishful thinking will not get us there."
It's worth noting that a full 75 per cent of the emissions avoided in B.C. due to the fuel standards resulted from the use of biofuels.
Member companies of the Canadian Fuels Association, which include Husky Energy, Imperial Oil, Shell, and Chevron, overlap with both the API and AFPM, which are active in fighting low=carbon and renewable fuel standards in the U.S.
Oil industry controls access to markets
Only five companies control 85 per cent of crude refining capacity in Canada. Those companies include Suncor, Imperial Oil, Irving, and Shell.
University of Alberta economist Andrew Leach summarizes the ways to deal with this "oil-igopoly":
"If you want to decrease refinery margins, the only guaranteed ways to do it are by increasing the elasticity of gasoline demand through more public transit, denser communities, more flexible work environments, or by deploying alternative energy sources for means of transportation."
This last point, "deploying alternative energy sources for ... transportation," is exactly the purpose of the clean fuel rules that are now under threat.
Industry is often successful at forcing quiet "technical" changes to important regulations that weaken strong policy. If B.C. wants to stand behind its climate commitments, it will also have to stand behind its clean fuel regulations.
- Chris Hatch, DeSmog Canada