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When It Comes to School Shootings, Drugs Aren't the Problem

Posted: 01/15/2013 8:49 am

As absurd as it may seem, there is a myth that continues to grow after mass shootings and that is that the cause of these shootings are psychiatric medications themselves. A January 8 letter to the Toronto Star headlined "Preventing Another Newtown" pointed out that "The perpetrators of almost every mass shooting were on psychotropic drugs." An article in the conservative online magazine The American Thinker on January 9, by Charles Grant and Greg Lewis is titled "It's The Drugs, Stupid!"

Dr. Grant is an alternative medicine practitioner who deals with addictions. He specializes in "molecular health and healing, especially as it supports psychospiritual growth and mental health recovery from problems." Greg Lewis works with Grant but there is no biographical information for him. What they say in this article is "in every single gun massacre over the past several decades for which we have reliable information about drug use, the shooter has been taking psychotropic drugs prescribed by a physician." Note that the "proof" they cite is based on an article published on Citizens Commission On Human Rights International website. According to Wikipedia, this is a Scientology front that campaigns against psychiatry.

On the CNN show State of the Union on January 13, Tennessee Republican Congresswoman, Marsha Blackburn, stated that psychiatric drugs are linked to individuals who carried out these crimes. She was not challenged by the host, Candy Crawley, or any of the other panelists.

Earlier writings about medications and drugs came from author Robert Whittaker. In a Psychology Today blog, he talks about the role of antidepressants causing violence (not anti-psychotics used to treat the delusions of psychosis) and states:

"In light of this finding (of reported violent adverse events and antidepressants), the many past shootings at school campuses and other public venues should perhaps be investigated anew by government officials, with an eye toward ascertaining whether psychotropic use may have, in the manner of an adverse event, triggered that violence."

He does not provide evidence that shootings involved the use of medications but only that this link should be investigated.

So, what are the facts based on the best evidence available? A study published in June of 2012 concluded that antidepressants reduced suicidal thoughts and behaviour. There were over 9,000 patients in the study using two different antidepressants -- fluoxetine (Prozac) and venlafaxine (effexor). This confirms the results of other studies with young people.

As for anti-psychotics which are used to treat the delusions of psychosis and schizophrenia, a study published in 2010 found that the rate of homicides committed during a first episode psychotic break before treatment was 1.59 homicides per 1,000 patients. "The annual rate of homicide after treatment for psychosis was 0.11 homicides per 1,000 patients." The authors concluded, "the rate of homicide in the first episode of psychosis appears to be higher than previously recognized, whereas the annual rate of homicide by patients with schizophrenia after treatment is lower than previous estimates. Earlier treatment of first-episode psychosis might prevent some homicides."

The Treatment Advocacy Center in the U.S. has done a backgrounder on the topic of violence and schizophrenia looking at all studies around the world on the subject. They conclude that "a small number of individuals with serious mental illnesses commit acts of violence, including 5 - 10 per cent of all homicides. Almost all of these acts of violence are committed by individuals who are not being treated, and many such individuals are also abusing alcohol or drugs."

They cite 12 studies that demonstrate that most acts of violence are committed by people who are not being treated. The most recent study, from 2010, showed that most acts were carried out during the person's first psychotic episode before they were treated.

A common expression in society to describe strange behaviour is "he must be off his meds." I've yet to hear anyone say "he must be on meds to act that way." The average person understands.

 
 
 

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As absurd as it may seem, there is a myth that continues to grow after mass shootings and that is that the cause of these shootings are psychiatric medications themselves. A January 8 letter to the To...
As absurd as it may seem, there is a myth that continues to grow after mass shootings and that is that the cause of these shootings are psychiatric medications themselves. A January 8 letter to the To...
 
 
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12:35 AM on 01/27/2013
One of the studies cited in this article claimed that, while there were reduced suicidal thoughts and behavior observed among the geriatric and adult patients, "For youths, no significant effects of treatment on suicidal thoughts and behaviour were found, although depression responded to treatment."

The author would have you believe the study showed reductions of suicidal thoughts and behavior among treated youths and claims "This confirms the results of other studies with young people." The study cited does NOT say that and no citations are presented for these "other studies".

WRT the youth in particular, which I believe is vitally important in this conversation, while reading the abstract of the second cited "best evidence available", I found no age filters, so this study may have not have looked at the effects of these medications on the youth at all. Probably not the greatest sources to sway most educated opinions.

Finally, while utilizing the imminent powers of Wikipedia to "prove" that studies contrary to the author's opinion are somehow slanted by the Scientologists, the same author cites studies by the Treatment Advocacy Center in rebuttal!? I'm sure the Treatment Advocacy folks have no bias... they cite other studies that align with their position but they likely ignore as many studies in opposition.

Articles like this create discussion, which can't be all bad, but this is just another one on both sides of the issue that don't offer any further clarity. It only voices one, thinly-veiled opinion.
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MJinCanada
Safe from zombies until my 2nd cup of coffee
02:33 PM on 01/26/2013
There are two points you missed. One is that the wrong antidepressant can make things a lot worse, especially for an adolescent.

The other is that, in fact, I haven't seen a thing in the last 3 major shootings -- in Tuscon, in Aurora and in Newtown -- about the shooter being on medications.
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06:53 AM on 01/18/2013
Although the anti-psychotic drugs reduce violent behaviour, it is very important to ensure that the troubled person always remembers to take them. Just by forgetting one dose can result in violent behaviour.
07:05 PM on 01/18/2013
If this is true, then everyone who's prescribed a neuroleptic drug should be locked up. Fortunately, it's not true.
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Jake Thomas
elastic
03:20 PM on 01/20/2013
That is a patently false statement. Please attempt to back it up with facts.
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01:09 AM on 01/21/2013
I know of two cases In England who attempted suicide after forgetting to take their medicines. As its only two I'll withdraw my previous comment.
01:28 AM on 01/18/2013
If you think that it is an absurd myth that psychotropic drugs are the problem, you are dangerously uninformed. After many deaths there are finally "black box warnings" on some of these drugs. These drugs are mind altering. Compel; to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly. Some of these "medications" do in fact "compel" some people to commit homicide.
Yes, CCHR, the scientologists, have been working to bring awareness to the problems of psychotropics and to my knowledge have the greatest data base on this subject.
It doesn't matter if the Mormons, Baptists, Catholics, Jews, Muslims, or Athiests brought it to our attention first, what matters is that we check it out for ourselves rather than dismiss it offhand.
The listed side effects of all six SSRIs, antidepressants, include hostility (homicidal ideation), suicidal ideation, impulsiveness, agressiveness, delusions and hallucinations. Many American children are being prescribed these SSRIs. Perhaps they are sitting in the classroom next to your child.
08:09 PM on 01/17/2013
Athena,

I agree with you that "meaningful dialogue among critical thinkers" would be a good thing.

But you described this movie as:
"Hollywood focuses on murderous side-effects of a psychiatric drug ..." and then exclaimed, "Hooray for Hollywood."

That doesn[t sound like meaningful dialogue by critical thinkers. It sounds like one-sided, melodramatic sensationalism.

Hollywood movies don't usually stimulate critical thought because they don't even pretend to tell the truth. They routinely take artistic license with the truth to heighten dramatic tension, and they exploit violence for its entertainment value.

So I would hope that the average moviegoer doesn't presume to know all about this serious topic on the basis of having seen a Hollywood movie. There is a risk of violence with some anti-depressants and they should not be given to some individuals. But many other people suffering from major depression say they are helped by anti-depressants when nothing else helped them, and they are not at all violent. Is the movie going to provide this balance?

Also, the average moviegoer isn't likely to know the important difference between anti-depressants and anti-psychotics. Is the movie going to explain this difference, or just leave the average moviegoer with the misinformed "knowledge" that they are all the same?
09:51 AM on 01/18/2013
I wonder if this movie, entitled "Side Effects," about the violent side effects of a psychiatric drug will be endorsed by the Treatment Advocacy Center or NAMI. Here's the theatrical trailer.
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/side-effects-trailer-rooney-mara-386069
Catherine Zeta-Jones, Jude Law, Channing Tatum and Rooney Mara star.
02:27 PM on 01/17/2013
Why then, do so many psychiatric drugs carry the FDA’s back box warning for increased risk of suicide and violence? The black box is the most severe warning the FDA can place on a drug short of an outright ban.
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/UCM096273

Wouldn't the FDA base such a drastic measure on the best evidence available? The FDA may also have been influenced by the testimony of family members who lost a loved one to SSRI-induced suicide or the testimony of academic psychiatrists who state that the marketing of these drugs amounts to a “betrayal of the public trust” (featured in the video below).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=1XHNJyti1gE
11:46 AM on 01/17/2013
Athena,
Yes, we should all get our information about medications from Hollywood movies!
Because the movies always stick to the truth and NEVER overdramatize violence! LOL
12:22 PM on 01/17/2013
Where exactly did I say "we should all get our information about medications from Hollywood movies"?
I did not say any such thing. But the great thing about a movie like this is it can generate some meaningful dialogue among critical thinkers. And it can cause the "average person" to question common "knowledge."
01:52 PM on 01/17/2013
Is this Laurencia's attempt at sarcasm? Tsk. Tsk.
05:12 PM on 01/17/2013
Don't worry Suzanne. Your title remains unchallenged as Sarcasm Queen!
10:45 AM on 01/17/2013
Hollywood focuses on the murderous side effects of a psychiatric drug in a new movie being released next month. How timely! "SIDE EFFECTS" stars Catherine Zeta-Jones, Channing Tatum, Rooney Mara and Jude Law.
http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/side-effects-trailer-rooney-mara-386069

Hooray for Hollywood!

(Ask your doctor if Ablixa is right for you.)
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AcunningDisguise
magnus gigas caput
06:22 AM on 01/16/2013
You declare something absurd on opinion only. When we look into the antidepressant suicide connection we find something totally different. When killing yourself the thinking is why not make a point while doing it.

Zyban I took for smoking literally made me want to fight. Anything!
11:56 AM on 01/16/2013
Oh my gosh! That's really interesting about the Zyban making you so aggressive. Zyban is bupropion, the same drug as Wellbutrin which is, guess what, an antidepressant!
04:13 AM on 01/16/2013
Mr. Ross seems to forget that raising the question of whether psychiatric drugs play a role in violent deaths (mass murder or otherwise) is a very recent phenomenon. Dr. Peter Breggin was one of the first to question this link, but it has been only within the past 10 years or so that others are joining him. It is the psychiatric mainstream community that for years put out the message that people who commit violent mass murder must be off their meds, and weren't in treatment. Now Mr. Ross is panicking because we now know that the many of the killers were on medications, which, of course, indicates they were getting some form of "treatment." Were the medications part of the picture? How can we learn to prevent these kinds of tragedies from occuring if we refuse to look at what doesn't agree with our pre-set notions?
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June Conway Beeby
01:40 PM on 01/16/2013
Because Dr. Breggan questioned the use of drugs and others followed his assumptions doesn't nean a thing. People often follow bogus views. That doesn't mean those ideas have any merit. It's the nature of some humans to follow suggestions without any critical analysis of them.

Think of Nazi Germany.

Mr. Ross is is not "panicking". He just insists on correcting misinformation about medications for the seriously mentally ill (SMI). We know medication is never perfect and can have side-effects in any disease. But without the medication so essential for the SMI they would be returned a life in the Middle Ages when zero could be done to ameliorate their constant suffering.

It would be compasionate and humane to call for scientific brain research to improve medications and search for the cure for all brain diseases. That would be a rational idea that everyone could support.
11:25 PM on 01/16/2013
Thank you for your thoughtful and articulate comment.
08:05 AM on 01/17/2013
Then how can we know for a fact, until more scientific research is done, as you advocate, that the medications people are on causes some of them to do things they wouldn't ordinarily do? How can you reject that possibility outright, when there is so little known about what these drugs do and don't do? Shouldn't we want better answers to Newtown and other tragedies than to just dig our heels in when questions are raised that go against our world view? Think of Copernicus.
09:26 PM on 01/16/2013
Rossa, the anti-medications folk seem to have a lot of pre-set notions themselves. A lot of people have been helped enormously by antipsychotic medications and have never been violent a day in their lives.
08:16 AM on 01/17/2013
Laurencia,
Of course lots of people have been helped by medications, but we should also listen to the voices of those who have been harmed. The Newtown medication debate isn't about "medication bad," "no medication, good." It is about investigating all possible reasons why someone like Adam Lanza did what he did. Most people on psychotropic medications aren't violent, in the sense of Newtown violent, we know that. But, we also know that there are certain people (like ACunningDisguise, above) in whom the meds produce impulsive and violent tendencies. Suicide is violence, and I bet you know some people, as have I, who committed suicide while on medication. Should we just brush this aside and not do further research?
Best,
Rossa
08:46 AM on 01/20/2013
If they have been helped, they are free to take them. You can get prescription for AP these days if you suffer from insomnia or depression... relativelly easy to obtain.

But then there are people who do not want to take them, but yet some are advocating they are forced to.

And some has been HARMED by them enormously. They deserve to be heard too.
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09:00 PM on 01/15/2013
so it was drugs or something that caused him to kill.

what caused him to destroy his computer?
08:23 AM on 01/17/2013
We don't know what caused Adam Lanza to do what he did. We will never know because nobody can know what goes on in someone else's mind. We can ask for full disclosure and debate about may have contributed to his rampage.
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June Conway Beeby
02:50 PM on 01/15/2013
I can't think of anything to equal the pain of having a seriously ill loved one and hearing or reading the public statements of sophisticated, educated people in the media who do-not-know-what-they-do-not- know about these brain diseases.

Too many media observations are based on personal assumptions and a dependence on unscientific age-old myths which captured society's fancy long before we had the scientific ability or tools to inform us of the biological reality of these brain diseases. I give media a "D" for this lack of interest.

Families are oh-so-tired of the great holes in media's knowledge of brain diseases, a subject so prominant in today's news stories. They behave as if any answer they hear has the same weight as any other answer That's not the way to conduct a decent interview. Yet in political interviews their homework shows. Intelligent questioning would help to correct the harmful myths and misconceptions on serious brain diseases..
.
Families have waited roo long for public light to shine on these chronic no-fault brain diseases , where the victims are abandoned to live in the darkest shadows of society. We want the scientific brain research to send them packing--just as we have done with other chronic diseases.

To allow these old errors and superstitutions to stand without correction only adds to public ignorace and relieves governments of their duty to find the cure that only science can uncover.
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nicumber
01:55 PM on 01/15/2013
"Note that the proof is ....on ''Citizens..................International", website."According to Wikipedia, this is a Scientology front that campaigns against psychiatry".

While I agree that anti- psychotic medication should not be blamed for behavior resulting in violence. It is also not clear that the medication for the treatment of depression or other disorder, does not play a role. Firstly, due to a patient's, medical privacy we will not have access to (his/her) medical records or medication regimen.Therefore, we cannot be any more sure of the conclusions drawn for the use of, or lack of medication. Who is not privy to someone, who is on medication for psychological or other purposes? The same medication beneficial in one is not in another.

While Wikipedia is for the most part a reliable resource, in this article it appears as noteworthy as the other three sources cited. It is clear it is not one element, which triggers in a person massive, fatal, behavior. It is also true that in the chain of assistance to persons requiring medication for psychosis or depression, experiments and errors are made.To not acknowledge that this is true is highly naive, or worse, defensive of the practices under the protective umbrella of privacy, for those who are very vulnerable.

Nonetheless, to the persons who work tirelessly performing sincere efforts to benefit the vulnerable resulting in quiet, success, in and out of the medical arena, gratitude is due.
11:06 AM on 01/15/2013
Roister comments: "The perpetrators of almost every mass shooting had toast with breakfast. Shall we demonize toast? Coexistence is not cause."

Yes, exactly. It is a logical fallacy to claim that correlation proves cause because there are always other variables present that could be the cause.

In the case of mass shooters who were taking anti-psychotic medications, a third variable is that the individual very possibly had a serious mental illness. Could that be the cause?

A fourth variable is that the individual was very possibily not taking the meds as prescribed, or even taking them at all. Could that be the cause?
10:22 AM on 01/15/2013
Here is another inconvenient fact. If these drugs were the cause of these mass shootings, why are the shootings so prevelent in the U.S. but not in other countries? The same drugs are sold around the world and yet no other country is remotely close to this kind of carnage
02:09 PM on 01/15/2013
This is an excellent point that I haven't seen mentioned before.
08:36 AM on 01/17/2013
No thoughtful person is saying that the drugs are the CAUSE. They are saying there may be a LINK. (See Marsha Blackburn's comment in the article.) Medications change neural function. There is growing scientific evidence pointing to a link between medications and violence. Obviously, it's a rarer side effect than other side effects, but mass murders like Newtown are also a rare side effect even a gun culture like the United States. Other countries have stricter gun control.
03:16 PM on 01/17/2013
What I find interesting is that, Americans have always loved guns. They always had them, and yet only withing the past decade have there been an escalation in gun violence. Digging deeper into the most recent tragedies, it's clear that these aren't simple "lone wolf" crimes, and psycotropics is the common denominator in all of them. What other conclusion can you possibly derive from that other than a causal link?