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The Ongoing Anguish of Romeo Dallaire

Posted: 01/09/12 12:42 AM ET

It's perhaps understandable that retired Lt.Gen. (and now Senator) Romeo Dallaire would view the Oscar-nominated (2004) movie, Hotel Rwanda, as "junk," considering that Nick Nolte played him in a cartoonish and superficial way.

In an interview with Huffington Post Canada, Sen. Dallaire said he had "promised never to let the Rwandan genocide die," but deplored the content of the Hotel Rwanda movie. Dallaire commanded UN troops in Rwanda when genocide occurred in 1994, and UN headquarters in New York ignored his warnings that it was about to happen.

In his book, Shake Hands with the Devil, Dallaire noted that he was ill-prepared for Rwanda (his first and only field command), and knew little about Africa, He subsequently suffered from PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and contemplated suicide due to the massacres that the UN let happen.

I (and others) have always felt the mental anguish Dallaire endured was as much from having witnessed 10 Belgian paratroopers under his command being killed by a mob, and him not doing anything. It's every military commander's nightmare.

Anyway, Dallaire has survived Rwanda. He was promoted and awarded medals, and made a senator on retirement. He is now a leading humanitarian voice on behalf of those facing genocide and against the use of child soldiers.

While he was the wrong man for Rwanda, few would argue that Romeo Dallaire is a good and decent man, who was probably in the wrong trade as a soldier -- even though he achieved high rank. Born in the Netherlands in 1946 (his father was a Canadian soldier), he graduated from RMC in 1970, served as an artillery officer, and prior to commanding the Rwanda UN mission, was commandant of College Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean.

Dallaire wrote a curious forward to a 2007 book edited by Kevin Patterson and Jane Warren -- Outside the Wire -- which is a collection of writing by soldiers, doctors, journalists, and aid workers who've seen the war in Afghanistan.

"The plight of Canadian soldiers," he writes, "is that they perform the most dangerous of their missions in far-flung lands and nobody back home... really feels the intrusion of war into the national psyche."

This was the case at Vimy Ridge in WWI, the liberation of Holland in WWII, and outside the wire in Afghanistan in modern times: "Soldiers struggle with how to convey the realreality. Sometimes even with what is the real reality."

Perhaps Sen. Dallaire is speaking for himself.

Does he really think it is the "plight" of soldiers that they face danger in "far-flung lands"? Isn't that why they joined the army? The soldier's role is to enable those at home to live normal lives while they risk their lives overseas.

It's only since Afghanistan that Canadians as a people have become aware and appreciative of what their military has done and is doing in their name, on their behalf.

In past wars, or UN missions, what soldiers endured largely went unnoticed at home. That also applies to the navy and Air Force. This disinterest, or ignorance, is not so much a "plight" as a fact of life.

The fact that it gnaws at Dallaire indicates that he may not understand soldiering the way others do. He talks of the "drug of combat... that has absolutely no equal in the human experience... no civilian equivalent where one's job is to offer up life and limb for a mission, a cause, a buddy, another human being..."

He feels that "forever burnt into the wiring of a combatant's brain is another (undefined) reality... no amount of time can dampen."

This, surely, is Dallaire talking about himself -- the effect of Rwanda (and those 10 Belgian paratroopers) on his own psyche. And while he talks of "combat," Gen. Dallaire has really never been in combat. He's witnessed killings and the effects of massacres, but UN troops under his command in Rwanda were never ordered to fight back, were too few, and too scattered, to stop the slaughter of Tutsis by Hutus.

As a commander, that has got to torture him. If one thinks for a moment, one realizes the police officers, fire fighters, rescue workers, and ordinary people put their lives at risk on behalf of others when occasion demands. Every day, there are news reports of someone doing something heroic to help someone else.

Soldiers, police, and firefighters have made a deliberate choice to do risky jobs. Most are not mentally anguished by their experiences. When one looks back at what our soldiers endured in the trenches of WWI, the remarkable thing is that in photos they all seem inexplicably cheerful. The same with soldiers of WWII and Korea. Even in post-war peacekeeping missions, those who enlisted in the army didn't expect (or get) much thanks from their country.

In his forward, Dallaire writes that soldiers returning from Afghanistan may feel "shock" at the "unseemly opulence of our country" and the "posturing of politicians," and the "security that envelopes civilians."

Frankly, I doubt many soldiers are as shocked as Dallaire claims. Indeed, many Canadians became soldiers to preserve Canada's way of life. Maybe Romeo Dallaire was adversely affected, but his is an individual case and not applicable to everyone.

As Smokey Smith said when questioned by the CBC about whether he had nightmares after winning the Victoria Cross in WWII: "Naw, I just put it behind me and went on with my life." Maybe that's what Dallaire should do...

 
 
 
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09:31 AM on 01/31/2012
I think you missed the point of Dallaire's book, Shake Hands With The Devil. What it appeared to me to be demonstrating was that the United Nations is not only a toothless lion for those who depend on it to protect the world from war; it is actually a stonewaller, a devious and extremely effective front for the global corporate world and resource greedy nations, in concert with several other 'World Institutions', to gain access to the trust and dependance of third world nations so that they may 'oh so smilingly' shake your hand while stabbing you in the back. The UN is merely a door opener to insert the insidious poison of fickle political backing, high interest national debt, resource rape and arms markets.

To say that the United Nations let him down in his mission is a childish view of what actually happened. They didn't let him down, they set him up. They did exactly what they intended to do; allow covert operations by Security Council nations make decisions and allow a genocide which was in their own 'best interests'.

This was not only an ethnic war which led to genocide, it was an ethnic cleansing provoked by First World nations on a Third World nation. The Hutu-Tutsi clash was merely the red herring.
05:29 PM on 01/17/2012
The tragedy of Romeo Dallaire is that he seems to be wanting more than he is realistically able to do. In Rwanda he wanted to save people and yet he followed the lines of bureaucracy. No one can deny the difficulty of his situation in 1994, but there is curious discord between him taking so much personal responsibility for some things- to the point of dreaming of Rwandans looking at his UN beret and yet so categorically running away from taking responsibility where the Belgian soldiers are concerned and refusing to travel to Belgium. In this way I agree that his line of reality are blurred. It is obvious that he is trying hard to do the right thing, but he seems to be following his own personal vision which sometimes almost disregards the points of view of others. To me Romeo Dallaire has always been a torn man- even before Rwanda. A man who somehow does not allow himself to fully be who he is- maybe obvious for a soldier, but is portrayal of the army suggests his relationship with it is much more than just a job). I also agree that he is not really a soldier- more a visionary still trying to implement his vision. Perhaps the real tragedy is that he did not have the time and the space to test his vision out before he had to live it for real.
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Don McLeod
06:30 PM on 01/11/2012
Suicide happens in war. The Wehrmacht learned this from mass killings. Most of us cannot kill on a sustained basis without drink. We go crazy or commit suicide. It is empathy. The few without empathy were useful when to overcome our inability to slaughter the gas chambers were employed. The few lied to their own kind to get their clothes off and into the gas chamber. The few, I suspect, are those "Snakes in Suits" in Dr. Robert Hare's book, psychopaths at work. They, like our Col. Russell Williams, don't care, they can't care. From the hate for Butcher Harris after the war, I suspect, he did not care because he, could not care. You don't want them leading. They repeat what once worked by chance despite repeated failure to replicate that chance success. This is what Harris did. He killed nearly 60% of his air crew. He left my father a little broken. I learned about this under our dinning room table avoiding my fathers fist. Wars are not fought for love of country, but 5 buddies. The Wehrmacht understood this too. It was their advantage over the Americans. The Wehrmacht understood the advantage of small unit cohesion. For my dad this cohesion was with his fellow crew in the Lancaster. And the Dellaire caliber crew leader up front. Men fight for their buddies. That is why they smile. It is our nature as collaborat­ive monkeys. It is in DNA of most of us not all. Dellaire has empathy.
07:14 PM on 01/10/2012
Sorry, "has", not "have".
07:12 PM on 01/10/2012
Peter Worthington is a genius and Canada's most insightful columnist. Everyone should always agree with him. (There, maybe this comment won't disappear after a few hours like every other one I've posted on this piece have.)
01:29 PM on 01/10/2012
Hand Mr. Worthington a rifle and put him in harm's way; if he doesn't come back as messed up as Sen. Dallaire did, then this article will have some weight.

Dallaire's only problem (if you want to call it that) is that he is still a human being and not a sociopath. I daresay, he is a better man than I am, I would likely have gone totally off the deep end in his shoes, but, "know thyself" as the ancient Greek aphorism goes.

Conflict is the sort of thing that discloses a whole constellation of emotional frailties when one is placed under its extreme stresses. Some people handle that stress better than others, but to whatever extent exists it has to be handled. I, for one, would not want our military to act any other way.

The alternative is unthinkable.
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Don McLeod
09:20 PM on 01/10/2012
Sociopaths have been broken, maybe fixable. Psychopaths also don't care. The can't care. It is in their DNA not to care. Psychopaths are not broken. They can't be fixed. Col. Russell Williams, who raped and killed is a psychopath. He is human. A nasty human. It is not his fault he is not nice like most of us. It is our fault we give him an organization to lead. I suspect Butcher Harris head of Bomber Command WW2 was another. He was vilified after the war. That is what happens to psychopaths in history. Vilivied, made an outlaw, no protection of the law. Forced the bear a wolves head and to be hunted down for their outlandish behaviour, out of this land behaviour.
09:37 AM on 01/10/2012
''''''It's only since Afghanistan that Canadians as a people have become aware and appreciative of what their military has done and is doing in their name, on their behalf."""""

on my behalf ?------ in afghanistan?

what threat did afghanistan pose to me or other canadians???
12:46 PM on 01/10/2012
The threat of reduced access to the American market ...
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Don McLeod
09:28 AM on 01/10/2012
Suicide is a consequence of war. The German's noted this when planning mass killings. Most of us cannot kill face to face on a sustained basis without drink or we go crazy or commit suicide. It is our empathy. Most of us are not all of us. A few can. The few were useful when to overcome empathy gas chambers were employed to solve the empathy problem. The few lied to their own kind to get their clothes off and into the gas chamber doors. The few, I suspect, are those snakes in suits those with no empathy, that Dr. Robert Hare writes about when he warns about psychopaths at work. They, unlike Dellaire, don't care, they can't care. From the universal hate for Bomber Harris after the war, I suspect, he did not care because he could not care. They have a failing as a leader, they keep trying to what once worked by chance despite repeated failure to replicate the by chance success. This is what Harris did. Killed nearly 60 of the air crew and scared the shit out of my father for the rest of his life. Wars are not fought for love of country, but for the 5 buddies. For my dad it was his fellow crew in the Lancaster. And the Dellaire caliber crew leader. Men fight for their buddies. That is why they smile. It is our nature as collaborative monkeys. It is in our DNA. Most not all. Not Col. Russell Williams.
03:47 AM on 01/10/2012
So, who would have been the "right man for Rwanda"? What he says about being in far-flung lands is penetrating because the activities and theatres Canadian soldiers are engaged in are relatively unknown to us. I don't really feel that Canada is at war - it hasn't affected me - in fact, I wasn't even asked my opinion about entering this war if I remember correctly. Were you? I think it's a shame that Dallaire is such a tragic figure, but also a living, breathing, guilty conscience - the UN, the world NOT ROMEO DALLAIRE - let this happen, we failed Rwandans as much as Dallaire failed to save his men.
10:48 PM on 01/09/2012
Romeo Dallaire was tested beyond the endurance of what any decent man should be able to have endured and still remain undamaged and wholly sane. To Dallaire's credit, he *almost* lost the ability to look at himself in the mirror. That, paradoxically, is a character trait very much to Romeo Dallaire's credit.

Lesser men -- the kind of men Peter Worthington evidently admires -- might not have suffered as Dallaire has suffered by virtue of their inability to empathize with other human beings.

In other words, those who cannot empathize with the plight of other humans -- psychopaths -- could have withstood Romeo Dallaire's experience in Rwanda unscathed. Worthington seems to fault Dallaire for not being a psychopath -- as if NOT being one was somehow a character failing.

While it is regrettably true that psychopaths may make for excellent combatants during a time of war, they are wholly unfit for the role of command in an Army's General Staff.

I could only *hope* to be as fundamentally decent a human being as Romeo Dallaire were I to be similarly tested. My fear is that I would likely disconnect and instead become the psychopath that Worthington thinks is so admirable a character trait.

There but for the grace of God, go I.
08:20 PM on 01/09/2012
I have commented twice now, noting that comments critical of Sun Media and their "writers" are always censored. I got notifications of at least 4 "favorited" comments, but then, the comment noting that I could not seem to comment was removed.....

Now, let's stop playing with "The Sun". Ignore their blogs, do not read, do not comment, as they do not "allow" comments on them.
07:32 PM on 01/09/2012
"many Canadians became soldiers to preserve Canada's way of life." Really? I presume you mean their way of life. Most simply needed a job.
07:48 PM on 01/09/2012
Worthington just wants to make sure that future soldiers and leaders don't hesitate to preserve Canada's oil supply.
12:52 PM on 01/31/2012
Having been in the Canadian Armed Forces (cause I was a high school drop out with no future and no place to live), and having married a soldier in the Canadian Armed Forces (who was a high school drop out and had no future and an illigitimate child and girlfriend to support), and having lived Canadian Armed Forces barraks and amongst the enlisted families of several Canadian Armed Forces bases in married quaters, I think I am qualified to say that most regular forces (non-officer) are only in the Canadian Armed Forces because they are either practically illiterate from abandoning their education, futureless because they have no trades training to fall back on, aimless because they have absolutely no direction in their lie, or petty criminals who have been ordered by a Judge to join the Canadian Armed Forces or serve 2 years less a day.

Glad to introduce you to your soldiers.
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peter sfikas
Yia sou
04:16 PM on 01/09/2012
If Dallaire deserves all the medals he got, plus his appointment to the Senate,
( for failing to perform his duty ), then I deserve to be appointed Prime Minister !
Immediately !
Dallaire should come clean, and admit his failure as a soldier, and take responsibility
for, HIS part of inaction, for the tragedy that occurred under his command.
No more excuses or halve reasons, like, "we were vastly outnumbered".
So were the 300 Spartans !
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Spartan Ideal
11:56 PM on 01/09/2012
...

I hope you're kidding, since you clearly

A)know nothing about what happened in Rwanda

and

B) Even less about the battle of Thermopylae
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peter sfikas
Yia sou
06:57 AM on 01/10/2012
A) An apologist for mediocrity ?
B) The Greeks invented "HERO" in their idle moments ?

C) In certainty, I know less than I get credit for.
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canuckistaneh
Science!
12:08 AM on 01/10/2012
And he was under orders from the UN to not fight. He was actually hoping at one point to be shot so the UN would actually do something. That my friends is a true hero. To sacrifice himself for the lives of others. Nuff said.
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peter sfikas
Yia sou
06:39 AM on 01/10/2012
....."Having witnessed 10 Belgians Paratroopers under his command being killed by a mob, and him not doing anything" Did you say: he followed orders ? Is this the time to follow orders ? And where is the sacrifice ?
This comment has been removed.
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Raymond Madore
11:58 AM on 01/09/2012
this is an unworthy artilcle
I and several others have a much different view of the frustration and futility of service in the military.

have you seen the blood? were you there?

Can you explain what a banana tastes like?
07:36 PM on 01/09/2012
He's served and seen the blood. Now he wants your blood, and your children's....oh, and the money.