Talks in Baghdad with the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany have resumed over Iran's contentious nuclear program. The negotiation process is likely to be a long one, and no breakthrough accords are expected at this meeting.
The debate has been boiled down to Iran claiming it has a right to enrich uranium as a signatory of UN nuclear treaties, while the West fears Iran could potentially use this expertise to build atomic weapons.
At the centre of the debate are the devastating economic sanctions that are crippling the Iranian economy, and in extension, the civil society.
Iran has the highest executions in the world per capita, coming second in terms of numbers after China. It's a country that regards women's life as equal to half a man's life. Yet the UN Security Council -- who all have nuclear weapons themselves -- has preoccupied itself with Iran's nuclear capabilities, whilst not completely unwarranted, instead of the plight of ordinary Iranians.
Hamid Ghassemi-Shall, a Canadian citizen, has been in Evin for three years as a political prisoner, but Ottawa has done very little to speak out about the horrific situation that the world has chosen not to notice. During the 2009 fraudulent reelections of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the Obama administration also showed restraint in its stance towards Iran even though Amnesty International described the violence as the worst human rights violations in Iran in the past 20 years. This lack of involvement of the international community then is in sharp contrast to what is happening today.
In fact, it has long been surmised that the West would be quick to sacrifice human rights and democratic aspirations of the Iranian people for the sake of securing a nuclear deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This is because if it is true that Iran is working with non-state actors like the Hezbollah and Hamas to build nuclear weapons then the fear is a legitimate one that is threatening for the Middle East and the West.
Understanding the democratic passions that underlie Iranian society is crucial, however, when considering the nuclear ambitions of the state. Iran is essentially a mercantile-militaristic country, with a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). However, efforts by women's groups have infused a democratic pulse within Iran that is progressing a new moral ethos of change.
Women's organizations like the Mourning Mothers have made nonviolent resistance a fundamental moral value of Iranian political life. They gather every Sunday in Tehran to take part in sit-ins until their children are released from prison. Many of these mothers are beaten and arrested, but their peaceful gatherings persist today. These are overarching ethical values of nonviolence and civil disobedience that are guiding people's democratic aspirations, and slowly making inroads within the IRI. Military threats and sanctions against Iran threaten to undermine the work of these actors.
Sanctions are detrimental to the middle classes who are the economic backbone to reform. Despite being one of the richest countries in the world (ranked 25th according to International Monetary Fund's 2011 GDP statistics), Iran has high rates of unemployment. Citizens seem less concerned with the looming threat of war than with the country's inflation rate reaching close to 30 per cent and widespread unemployment. These hardships only seem to affect ordinary Iranians, while those connected with the regime's "favoured dreary" appear to be living life as the rich and wealthy are in New York, Paris and Rome.
Many countries like Israel, North Korea and France all have nuclear weapons. However, they have not been making headlines as much as Iran has, and there are at least two reasons for this. First, the Iranian leadership has repeatedly said Israel is an illegitimate country and should disappear from the face of the earth. Second, and perhaps more importantly, Iran has repeatedly denied the Holocaust, a core element of Jewish identity.
While these claims are absurd, it's important to acknowledge that these are the views of the leadership of the IRI and not the views of the civil society. An important fact that the West seems to forget is that because Iran is not a democracy, its leaders are not representative of its people. As such, any sanctions adopted should be aimed at the Iranian leaders, not the civil society.
Recently, a remarkable thing happened. Thousands of activists in Israel and Iran have used social media to announce their support for one another. The campaign is unlikely to make headway, but it says something about the power of civilians and social media in both countries. Two Israelis started this campaign and now thousands of Iranians and Israelis have endorsed it and sent similar messages. The civil societies of both countries are coming together and saying they don't want war, yet the leaders of both countries are adamant to continue with their agendas.
While no breathtaking results are expected at a recent meeting, leaders of the West must take into consideration that most Iranians are looking for change. Calls for war and tightening of sanctions stifle opportunities for dialogue within Iran.
A model of non-violence and civil disobedience in line with the Green Movement that began in 2009 is the best course for the future of Iran. International isolation and pressure on the Iranian state will lead the government toward further repressive measures. Military intervention will only make things worse.
Furthermore, it appears that any military intervention in Iran will lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Iran has not yet decided to weaponize, as it claims it only seeks nuclear reactors for energy and research, but if Israel or the West were to take military action this outcome would become more likely. Unless all parties agree to make concessions, a great opportunity will be lost.