New Canadian research has found that children who drink whole milk appear to have a 40 percent lower risk of being overweight or obese than children who drink reduced-fat milk.
Led by St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, the new review and meta-analysis looked at 28 studies from seven countries which included 20,897 children aged one to 18 years of age.
All of the studies had investigated the relationship between children drinking cow’s milk and the risk of being overweight or obese.
The findings of the analysis, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, showed that 18 of the 28 studies suggested that children who drank whole milk were less likely to be overweight or obese than kids who drank reduced-fat milk. The researchers added that among the children who drank whole milk, the risk of being overweight or obese was 40 percent lower than among the reduced-fat milk drinkers.
Although the researchers point out that ten out of the 28 studies did not find an association between drinking full fat milk and a lower risk of being overweight or obese, they also added that none of the studies included in the analysis showed that kids who drank reduced-fat milk had a lower risk of being overweight or obese.
The researchers say the findings go against Canadian and international guidelines, which currently recommend that children consume reduced-fat cow milk instead of whole milk starting at age two to reduce the risk of obesity.
“In our review, children following the current recommendation of switching to reduced-fat milk at age two were not leaner than those consuming whole milk.”
- Dr. Jonathon Maguire, St. Michael's Hospital
“The majority of children in Canada and the United States consume cow’s milk on a daily basis and it is a major contributor of dietary fat for many children,” said lead author of the review, Dr. Jonathon Maguire.
“In our review, children following the current recommendation of switching to reduced-fat milk at age two were not leaner than those consuming whole milk.”
Dr. Maguire says that the next step in the research would be to carry out a randomized controlled trial to establish the cause and effect of whole milk and lower risk of obesity.
“All of the studies we examined were observational studies, meaning that we cannot be sure if whole milk caused the lower risk of overweight or obesity. Whole milk may have been related to other factors which lowered the risk of overweight or obesity,” Dr. Maguire said. “A randomized controlled trial would help to establish cause and effect but none were found in the literature.”