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Without Section 13, All Hate Crimes Are the Same

Posted: 06/22/2012 5:27 pm

Section 13 (S13) of the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA), which prohibited the promotion of hatred and contempt via the internet and telephone, is now dead. To be sure there was a long, passionate, rancorous and sometimes downright unseemly debate over both its effectiveness and whether it limited free speech in Canada. In my view it was a necessary discussion even if in the end we lost what I have always held to be a valuable tool to defend vulnerable minorities in Canada.

As a result of MP Brian Storseth's Private members Bill to repeal S13, consequences and remedies we once had under a civil rule of procedure to deal appropriately with the promulgation of hatred is no longer. Where a complaint under S13 could result in cease and desist orders or at most a fine, today the only tool left to guard against hate promotion targeting Jews, LGBTQ, First Nations, Muslims and other faith and ethnic groups are the hate laws, sections 318 and 319 of the criminal code. Convictions will mean a criminal record and perhaps even jail.

Some argued that with the criminal code, the case first requires the approval of the province's Attorney-General to proceed. Then they note that cases are heard under proper jurisprudence. This is true. However outside the A-G's approval S13 cases were also heard under proper rules of juridical procedure in the same manner as any other lawfully appointed provincial or federal tribunal.

Indeed mental health cases heard under tribunal where the most sacred of all our rights, freedom from unwarranted detention, are decided following the same procedures as did S13 tribunals. Similarly, labour tribunals that could decide loss of employment or immigration review panels where the right to live in Canada is judged on a regular basis.

The debate on S13 began as a result of complaints leveled against McLean's where provocative columnist Mark Steyn had written what some believed to be an offensive harangue against Islam. The second complaint targeted then Western Standard publisher Ezra Levant who reprinted the now infamous Mohammed cartoons. In Levant's case the complaint was filed under the Alberta Human Rights provision on hate speech while in Steyn's case, complaints were filed with the BC and Ontario Human Rights Commissions as well as the federal CHRA. This was done after some young Muslim Canadian lawyers failed to receive what they believed to be a fair hearing from Maclean's magazine on the Steyn article.

The irony of the history related to S13 is that while these cases became the catalyst for the eventual ensuing debate led aggressively by Levant and Steyn, neither of these cases was ever heard under the CHRA. Levant's was never a S13 case and the Steyn complaint was dismissed.

In the end, the Levant case was also dismissed by the Alberta Commission while the Steyn complaint did proceed under BC human rights law to tribunal. The case was finally dismissed by the adjudicator following a long and in my view totally uncalled for hearing.

Were there problems with S13? Yes. The issue of speed in dealing with vexatious claims; the lack of provisions for falsely accused complainants to recoup financial losses and I came more and more to believe that punishing fines as opposed to cease and desist orders changed the whole tenor of human rights applications. Punishment, as will now be the only option under the criminal code, should never have been an option for S13.

S13 did not go without a spirited fight. Many laudably argued that fully repealing S13 was akin to throwing out the baby with the bathwater. MP Irwin Cotler one of Canada's most eminent human rights advocates summed it up best when he addressed Parliament on this very issue:

...the debate we should be having tonight should be regarding how we might reform and structure the human rights commissions to protect freedom of expression while protecting vulnerable individuals and minorities from hate and group vilifying speech rather than committing ourselves to abolishing the entire regime ...

Professor Cotler got it right. Of the few hate-related S13 cases that went to tribunal, all were of the vilest hate where calls for mass murder of Jews, Gays, Muslims, First Nations and others were posted. All the other complaints were solved either through negotiation or simply dismissed.

On June 6 the vote in Parliament was close. The Conservatives using their majority passed the repeal of S13 153-136. With only the criminal code left for protection I hope Parliament did not bite off its nose to spite its face.

 

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12:33 AM on 07/07/2012
another bit of Canadian blasphemy/pornography law disappears, bit by bit
02:48 PM on 06/25/2012
Surprise, Surprise. A Former Head of the Canadian Jewish Congress is upset that one of the tools his former organisation was only too happy with has been dismantled. Nothing like hauling someone in front of a "Tribunal" due to their offensive speech. Now who are you going to scream "Anti-Semitism" to any time rightful criticism of Israel is voiced?? Nothing like stifling the voices of those you disagree with. How Very Authoritarian of you. Thankfully criminal proceedings have a higher standard of evidence and culpability than these ridiculous hearings. Lord (sorry Yahweh) knows your former organisation has plenty of funds for frivilous Libel/Slander lawsuits meant to Bankrupt those with whom you disagree. Since you're now a "Human Rights Advocate" why don't you concern yourself with countries who maintain the largest open-air prison in the world, or who continue to build settlements on Illegally occupied land?
I don't want any Government deciding what information I can access, or telling me what's "Hate Speech". Give these fools all the rope they want, better to hang themselves with. Don't silence them, allow their true ignorance the full light of exposure. This is Canada, we don't need thought police.
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Bernie Farber
05:05 PM on 06/25/2012
Mikey, during my 25+ years at Canadian Jewish Congress we never sued anyone under Canadian libel laws.

Secondly given the piece I wrote for the Ottawa Citizen (you really should read it before you post) I think even you might agree that calling for the mass murder and genocide of identifiable groups goes far beyond "offensive speech".

And in the end Canada still has strong hate laws that now make it a criminally indictable offence to knowingly and willfully promote hatred against identifiable groups identified by race, creed colour, national origin or sexual orientation. If convicted hatemongers will now have criminal records and possibly have to serve up to two years in jail. That I would suggest is far more onerous than a fine or a cease and desist order.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
10:50 PM on 06/26/2012
Well if they get a fine or a jail term it will be the result of an actual judicial process, not the droppings from the kangaroo courts where you know very well the process if much of the punishment and cases ended up before the HRCs that would be outright rejected by any rational legal process.
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Bernie Farber
09:41 AM on 06/25/2012
Thanks for clarifying the issue with fines under S13. Apologies for my own confusion. However to be clear, the fines imposed by the adudicators were as a result of the libel and slanders faced by Mr. Warman from the defendant. That noted I am on public record suggesting that in my view fines were not appropriate in S13 cases. Education where possible and cease and desist orders were in my view the best way to handle S13 offenses.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
10:55 PM on 06/26/2012
That still isn't true, part of the awards were for 'pain and suffering'.
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Bernie Farber
02:23 PM on 06/27/2012
Stan

Major parts of any slander and libel awards are for pain and suffering as well.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
01:30 AM on 06/25/2012
Bernie, was it legitimate that Steyn was dragged before the HRC for quoting an Iman, in context?
Who does he recover the costs of his defence from?
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Bernie Farber
05:07 PM on 06/25/2012
Firstly Stan it wasn't Steyn who was dragged before a human rights tribunal it was McLean's magazine, for the record. Secondly I have always been on record stating that I felt such a complaint to the Tribunal was unwarranted and I noted as much in my article here.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
09:57 PM on 06/26/2012
A: Splitting hairs.

B: And prove it, let's see your old columns defending Steyn and Macleans.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
01:16 AM on 06/25/2012
You say all is well because the complaints against Steyn and Levant were eventually dismissed?
After how many hundreds of thousands of dollars were spent by them defending themselves and after how many millions of tax dollars wasted?
It didn't cost the complainants one thin dime.
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Bernie Farber
10:12 AM on 06/24/2012
hank you for the level of debate here.

leftcoasterman suggests that Canadian Human Rights Tribunals are "Kangaroo Courts". He may not understand that all Canadian quasi-judicial Tribunals operate under legally established judicial rules of order. I noted the other such Tribunals that operate as do the CHRT in my piece. And all decisions can and are reviewed by the Federal Court of Canada.

He then asserts that simple offense is not hate insinuating that these were the types of cases brought to Tribunal. Another fallacy; of the 16 cases brought forward by Richard Warman for example all preached mass murder or genocide against Aboriginals, Jews, blacks, LGBTQ, Muslims etc. You can read more about that here http://tinyurl.com/7pz4nwh

Lastly David Langtry Acting Chief Commissioner of the CHRC noted recently in the National Post that "Of the 1,914 human rights complaints under the federal Act in 2011, only one complaint regarding hate on the Internet was given consideration.", hardly an onslaught as leftcoasterman suggests.
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01:32 PM on 06/24/2012
I think it's worth mentioning that those 16 cases that you mention are the ONLY cases that involve section 13(1) in the past decade, and that, even though he was supposedly litigating on behalf of Aborginals, Jews, blacks, LGBTQ, Muslims, etc. all of the money awarded from those cases went straight into the pockets of Mr. Warman. If this law were such a boon in protecting minority groups from discrimination, why is it that none of these groups ever use this law to do so?

The National Post summed up nicely why these courts ought to be rightly considered "kangaroo courts", considering that:
-Third parties not involved in the alleged offences may nonetheless file complaints.
-Plaintiffs have sometimes been given access to the commissions' investigation files and given the power to direct investigators.
-Truth is not a defence.
-Defendants are not always permitted to face their accusers.
-Normal standards for assuring the validity of evidence do not apply.
-Hearsay is admitted.
-The government funds the plaintiff but the defendant is on his/her own.
-Commission investigators are allowed to entrap defendants into committing hate crimes.

http://web.archive.org/web/20080701191358/http://www.nationalpost.com/opinion/story.html?id=597251&p=2
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Bernie Farber
02:42 PM on 06/24/2012
I agree and did so in my piece with the suggestion that S13 could have done with some changes including those you mention here.

It is also fair to note that other Tribunals where your actual liberty is at stake (mental health tribunals for example) follow the same tribunal procedures as does the CHRT. In fact Tribunals will continue under the CHRT minus S13 which had a miniscule of cases over the decade.

As for money lining Mr. Warman's pockets can you provide actual proof that this was the case. The only time Richard received payments were on libel cases he won not S13 matters.I take it you are not demanding that libel laws be repealed as well?
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
01:03 AM on 06/25/2012
Those are lies Bernie.
Which is why in your other article you hedge your bets by writing 'virtually all'...
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djelimon17
what's this thing for?
08:59 AM on 06/24/2012
It doesn't affect you, therefor not a problem. I see.
12:55 AM on 06/24/2012
Another major policy blunder by this gov't. people are keeping track, and Harper will be held accountable at the next election. He can say we stand with the child pornographers, but he actually does stand with the vilest elements of society.
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djelimon17
what's this thing for?
02:07 PM on 06/23/2012
Besides the worst elements of society, who does making it harder to prosecute hate speech (which is still illegal) benefit?
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djelimon17
what's this thing for?
10:17 PM on 06/22/2012
Should things like the Nuremberg rallies be allowed since free speech trumps everything?
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
01:08 AM on 06/25/2012
Nice to see the HP censoring posts on a free speech article.

Hitler used the hate speech laws to silence his opponents.
The same opponents who drafted and passed those laws.

Why did the HP remove my previous post about this?
Is the truth that offensive to them?
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mxd89
Leftist hippie kid, atheist & scientist
09:51 PM on 06/22/2012
Tough debate, but part of having free speech as a principle is applying it consistently.
09:17 PM on 06/22/2012
Firtst off, what may be offensive to some may actually be factually true. No Bernie, stripping power from unaccountable people with the ability to drag someone into a kangaroo court for their speech and bankrupt them never was a good thing. Free speech must always held more dear than some particular person's "right" not to be offended.
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murphyj87
12:15 AM on 06/23/2012
I hope you will sit back and do nothing if some Neo-Nazi group spews hate at you and your family on a website, or starts spewing hate to you and your family in phone calls to you. Apparently you don;t mind hate speech aimed at you, and your family. If your kids get mobbed by NeoNazis with Hitler salutes, it wouldn't bother you, apparently, and, if you do something, do you have money to for a lawyer and a court case to the Supreme Court of Canada?

I find it surprising that any Canadian would condone Anti-Semitism, White Supremecists, and Neo-Nazi hate in the way you do here. So you approve of hate speech.... interesting!!! I hope you and your family become the target of a lot of hate aimed at you sometime, and we'll see how you like it then.
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Shahanshah
Liberalism is destroying western civilization
06:14 AM on 06/23/2012
How the hell would I know if some non existent neo nazi group was writing about me and family (who they do not know) online ?

phone calls = harassment, not the same thing at all.

your other points are ridiculous.

it is a straw man argument, you are holding up the worst people in our society and saying that they are the only people who benefit from free speech.

not civil liberties organizations, no political groups.

but small, fringe, hate groups.

give it a rest, please.
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
01:06 AM on 06/25/2012
Hitler used the hate speech laws to silence his opponents.
02:29 PM on 06/23/2012
Please give an example of something which is hateful towards a group of people which is factually true. I have never heard one and is rhetoric spewed to neandrathals to help promote hatred, who then merrily go forth spewing the same flawed logic.

Did any of you read the article?

You have free speech, you do not have the right to promote hate speech. It was necessary to push through this bill, since once they are able to monitor all online speech, it will be easier to find those responsible. But now they don't have to worry and can go crazy with the hate, and now Stevie's buddies in the Northern Front will put his picture back on the wall.

The system worked, needed change, but did what it was supposed to do. Free up the courts to deal with murders, rapists... All this does is make it harder to stop the hate speech, how does that increase your freedom? Unless you want to be allowed to promote hatred online. There is no slippery slope here as you contend hate speech is wrong and against the law. So why would we want to take away the power to enforce that law without clogging up the courts?
10:18 PM on 06/23/2012
The point is missed completely. I if say something crass or offensive it doesn't necessarily make it hate speech. This is what was happening with s. 13. It was being used as a weapon against journalists. The press and others should not be dragged before a bunch of clowns for thought crimes.