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Elia Saikaly

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Why People Die on Everest (And How I Didn't)

Posted: 05/28/2012 12:13 pm

When it comes to Everest, It is easy for all of us to judge and make conclusions at sea level, but without substantial evidence and a true understanding of the environment above the death zone, it's extremely difficult to make a fair analysis of the situation. The story of the Canadian climber who died -- Shriya Shah-Klorfine -- has evolved. It now appears as though she was advised to turn around several times by the local sherpas and that she went against their advice and carried on going beyond her limit.

My perspective is that this type of decision making is no different than getting behind the wheel of a car, severely intoxicated and driving down a narrow road in a highly populated area. You are putting your life and everyone else's life in serious danger. This is a situation that could have been avoided. Before continuing, I would like to offer my sincerest condolences to her loved ones for their loss. I in no way mean any disrespect to her family or loved ones and can attest to the heartbreaking feeling of losing someone you care about to the mountain.

The warning signs were there this year. On May 7, I re-posted a blog on my Facebook wall explaining that the most highly regarded expedition leader (Featured in Discovery Channel's hit series Everest: Beyond the Limit) Russel Brice boldly cancelled his entire operation due to the hazards and dangers on the mountain. He said:

I had long and serious talks with the sherpas, the Icefall doctors and my guides and we have made the decision to cancel the expedition. We can no longer take the responsibility of sending you, the guides and the sherpas through the dangerous icefall and up the rock fall-ridden Lhotse Face.

The most experienced and qualified expedition leader on the mountain had spoken. He sent dozens of climbers and sherpas home. In the end, his climbers, who invested more than $60,000 trusted his judgment and ultimately left with their lives.

I am alive today because I had the humility to accept defeat on Everest, not once, but twice. The first time, I was 26 years old, driven, focused, determined and in the best shape of my life. Not only was I climbing, I was documenting and shooting a film which multiplies the effort required by threefold. By 8:30 a.m., after 10 hours of climbing, I reached a point beneath the south summit where my climbing leader and trusted friend presented me with an option, one that no one prepared me for. He said, "We will summit if we carry on, but we will die upon descent because of the changing weather."

I didn't want to die on Everest.

After all, my organization is called FindingLife. Devastated and destroyed beyond comprehension, I accepted that Everest had made her decision. As painful as it was, with sponsors on the line and my own financial investment of more than $40,000, I accepted defeat and emerged with my life. In time I understood that failure on Everest was the greatest gift I had ever received.

In 2009, the second time I tried to climb Everest, I experienced the dark and vicious side of the mountain. People died during that climb. Vicious weather forced all teams to abandon their climbs. By the final week of May, our small three-man team was the last on Everest. We attempted the peak without Sherpa support. By 1 a.m. on June 2, 2009, I was the last man standing on Everest.

I opened up a trail using only my ice axe and crampons, searching desperately for the safety lines, attempting to create a path for my team to follow in a foot and a half of fresh snow. My sixth sense was guiding me and intuitively, I was able to carve a safe path up the unbroken trail at 8400M. Never, did I feel fatigued, tired or anything but powerful, willing and able. If there had been one single doubt in my health or abilities I would have turned back. By 2 a.m., I decided that once again, Everest had won. It was too dangerous to carry on. We emerged with our lives.

So why are people dying?

When I climb, I have two simple rules. Do not endanger yourself and do not endanger the lives of others, EVER. The rest is strategy, luck and science. I often say that what I fear the most while climbing are the objective dangers that we cannot control such as avalanches, rock fall, the weather and other climbers. All too often, I've seen climbers climbing when they really should have been turning around. I understand that some people are climbing Everest to push themselves beyond the limit, but in doing so, those climbers are putting everyone's lives at risk including themselves.

I recently read an article in the Ottawa Citizen about a local Ottawa woman climbing Everest, she tweeted the following:


In the middle of the ice fall, my body suddenly crashed. Blood pressure plummeted. Started shaking all over and lost my eyesight. Thought I was done ... Put my head between my legs, ate sugar, and resumed going up at the slowest pace on the mountain.

Seriously? That's like saying: "I was vomiting while driving because I was intoxicated, but I kept driving, slowly of course, to make it to the next off ramp."

Climbers who are getting themselves into trouble are simply not listening to the signs. Sorry, but what the heck are you doing climbing when you're experiencing those symptoms?

Altitude sickness isn't just something that happens in an instant. The body sends us signals on the mountain, just as it does at sea level when we are not well. Headaches, nausea, irritation and insomnia are some of the early warning signs. Acute mountain sickness escalates if left untreated (descending to a lower altitude is the only solution) and can evolve into cerebral and pulmonary edema. From there, you enter into a coma and die shortly afterwards. With proper guidance, monitoring and/or experience, one can identify the onset of these symptoms and make responsible decisions about how to strategize and proceed.

According to a recent Globe and Mail article, the Canadian climber who died was advised numerous times to turn around. Just as I was advised my very first time climbing Everest. The trouble is, it sounds logical and easy to understand sitting here at sea level, but in a hypoxic environment when your brain is lacking oxygen and you're unable to do simple math (try subtracting 20-10 + 3 x 2 at altitude) it's nearly impossible to make logical and responsible decisions on your own.

What we see often on Everest are people who are masking or hiding their symptoms or worse, denying that they are not well. You've invested $60,000, trained for two years, sacrificed your personal life and put your pride and ego on the line... how could you possibly let a headache or a bit of insomnia stop you?

When I climbed in 2010, I was responsible for 20,000 Canadian students that were following my expedition via my website. Not only was I climbing, I was leading the expedition, shooting in HD, editing broadcast quality webisodes, video conferencing with students from as high as 22,000 feet, and carrying the ultimate responsibility of ensuring nothing went wrong.

The first thing I did was plan to fail. After all, I had plenty of experience in that department! I implemented every safety strategy possible. I climbed with a doctor, I hired four incredibly strong Sherpas, and I had a support system including veteran summiteers helping with strategy. I even had a friend who mapped the weather and provided daily updates.

I also ensured I was fitter than anyone else on that mountain. On my summit night, I climbed faster than anyone else and reached the summit in less than six hours. If I had had a single symptom or health issue, I would have abandoned my climb.

My heart sunk this morning as I read the following news in the Globe and Mail:

They tried to get her to go back but [she] did not listen. She wanted to go to the summit anyhow. It took a very long time. It was 22 hours to go on top of Everest for her. On the way back down, she lost her energy.

Sadly, she ignored the advice of the people surrounding her who advised her to turn around. When climbing Everest, we are all aware of the rules, the turn-around times, the history of the unforgivable nature of Mt. Everest and the countless stories of climbers who have died on her flanks.

So who is responsible here? The Nepalese government? Her teammates? The logistics company? In my opinion, Shriya Shah-Klorfine was responsible for her own life. Had she turned around and listened to the signs, listened to other climbers including her teammates (who had her sign a contract ahead of time) monitored her body's signals and accepted that she should have turned around, perhaps she would be alive today.

I am deeply saddened by her death and my heart does go out to her family. I can only hope that other novice climbers who are chasing their wildest dream to tempt the summit of Mt. Everest in the coming future learn to manage and minimize the risks, learn from history and approach the mountain with the utmost respect as the sherpa people of Nepal do and the way many professional and responsible climbers do year after year.

May 22, 2012, was the second anniversary of my successful and safe summit of Everest. The celebration was not that of a successful summit, but rather a successful return to my family and loved ones.

Climb safe everyone.

 

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01:36 AM on 05/30/2012
A sad story. Unfortunately this is what most athletes pursued.Remember the athlete who died during the 2010 winter Olympic. Athletes knew the track was dangerous, yet they didn't quit. They believed they could overcome the barrier and finish the race. The IOC could brag it's the most "challenging" track ever built. Well, until the accident happened. Everyday, we are affected by commercials which emphasize "Impossible is nothing", "Never give up" or "Push your limit".Sports is actually a modified warfare and in the public eyes, it has no room for losers. How do we react when struggling marathon runners trying to reach the finishing line. Do we cheer for their effort or we wish they should stop? We can say as much as we want on sportsmanship but do most people know the 1st runner up of most major sports tournaments. There is a chinese saying which means there's no second in martial arts. To avoid these type of unfortunate events, people should know their limitation and accepting defeat is not shameful is vital.
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calisel99
life began wit the first self replicating molecule
02:00 PM on 05/29/2012
she had never climbed a mountain before! she had no experience whatsoever,its like trying to swim the english channel without knowing how to swim. i think these amateur climbers are disrespectful,vulgar and just plain Dumb,there mostly self centered egotists who not only place themselves in danger but others as well,a little common sense would go a long way
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littlestar
What is life without dessert?
11:23 PM on 05/28/2012
This was a really great piece to read! Interestingly enough, I had just read an article right before this one that focused on Sandra Leduc and her tweets. Wow, two articles that could not have been more different. Saikaly speaks from experience, someone who climbed in the name of research and science, who knew his limits and spoke from his heart. Sadly, Leduc seems to be more interested in the notoriety that comes with climbing Everest than in the experience itself. The constant tweeting seems phoney and sad. And very disrespectful, with her tweets of the "dead and dying".
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Helen In Canada
09:39 PM on 05/28/2012
I agree with you! The only positive to come out of this tragedy is that it highlights some of the troubling issues facing Everest climbers, and also Shah-Klorfine's extraordinary life.
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Helen In Canada
09:32 PM on 05/28/2012
I agree with you - her pride probably interfered with sound judgement. A terrible and avoidable tragedy. The only positive is it highlights some of the issues with Everest climbs, and Shah-Klorfine's extraordinary life!
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calisel99
life began wit the first self replicating molecule
02:05 PM on 05/29/2012
the mistakes she made started well before the climb itself,she wasnt qualified to be climbing period,your first alpine/mountain climb should not be everest, this was irresponsible in every way shape and form
08:16 PM on 05/28/2012
You have written a wonderful post refreshing in its clarity about the responsibility for this woman's death; her own but also in your compassion for her family....right on to everything you write!
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Ian Llangan
Your Invisible Sky Friend Is Morally Abhorrent
03:08 PM on 05/28/2012
Unfortunately, none of this addresses why people are so bereft of originality that thousands try each year to do nothing more than duplicate what Sir Edmund Hillary accomplished more than 50 years ago. Sure we have far more interesting and important challenges to accomplish as a species (oh I dunno - feeding starving children? maybe learning more about the oceans we know next to nothing about before we end up killing them for good? contributing to space exploration?) that are not so incredibly selfish? Someone who climbs Everest? Meh, whatever. Who cares? The person who invents the eco-friendly supersonic jet that allows others to fly past Everest (whilst enjoying a smart cocktail at 20K altitude on the way to found and work in a girls'/women's health clinic in Myanmar) is the person worth noting ad admiring. Not some self-indulgent "me-too" imitator. Everest is the past. Astronauts and cosmonauts are the future.
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Elia Saikaly
06:12 PM on 05/28/2012
Ian, I feel you should do a little bit more research before knocking everyone who climbs Everest. After all, even Hillary had dozens upon dozens of men (many of them Sherpas and porters) who supported him. He also benefited (let's not forget Tenzing here as well) from previous expeditions who pioneered much of the 'unknown' of Everest. In 2006 and 2007 I became friends with researchers from Brown University who were conducting research for NASA. If you look a bit further you will find stories of incredible men and women who have raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for various charities around the world. Including feeding starving children. Personally, I leveraged the platform to inspire young Canadian students to 'be the change' of this generation. There are some wonderful books written on the psychology of why people climb. Explorers of the Infinite by Maria Coffee is an amazing read if you're looking for a unique perspective.
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Ian Llangan
Your Invisible Sky Friend Is Morally Abhorrent
06:31 PM on 05/28/2012
Duly noted. A few people climb Everest with sponsors and some sort of higher purpose in mind. But how many bodies and how much discarded equipment are/is cluttering up the planet's tallest mountain - for no purpose? Thanks but I'll stick to the Kielburger Bros. or similar fund-raisers who do a minimum of grand-standing and/or self-indulgence. Everest was "conquered" in 1953. We have yet to reach even Mars and we haven't been back to the moon for 39 years. Seems to me like an awful waste of resources to duplicate (not explore) something already long done, and from which we learn nothing new, while many underfunded challenges remain.
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sgillhoolley
Occupy the discussion.
09:35 AM on 05/29/2012
I honestly do not see the purpose of climbing mountains, especially those that have been climbed by so many people already. I have met people who have climbed Mt Kilamanjaro and Mt Fuji, and I have asked all of them if they would climb it again. Not one would. New frontiers are not being conquered...not with 150 people climbing everest each day. Nothing new will be gained. It is 100% about ego. Pride goeth before the fall.
02:41 PM on 05/28/2012
Sitting here, at STP, I’m very saddened for Shirya’s family. She was a beautiful person. I question though, why would someone with so much obvious intelligence, you could see it in her eyes, choose to test them self by running through, the equivalent of, a lack-of-gas chamber? Hilary already proved it could be done. Who are promoting the hundreds who attempt this annually and what is their motivation for doing so? They’re altruistic? Think about that before you answer, “Because it’s there.”
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Elia Saikaly
09:57 AM on 05/29/2012
Pat, there are a few articles written about her dream that began when she was a little girl. I encourage you to read them to better understand her motivation.
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calisel99
life began wit the first self replicating molecule
02:09 PM on 05/29/2012
if this were her dream since she was a little girl why hadnt she done any legitimate climbs before everest? lets not make this fool into a hero
02:26 PM on 05/28/2012
You said something at the end of your piece (which is very good): "novice climbers". I don't think novice climbers belong on Everest. Novice race car drivers aren't allowed in the Formula One or Nascar. Novice divers don't get into the Olympics. Novice lawyers don't argue before the Supreme Court.

The 10,000 hour rule applies on Everest, perhaps more there than anywhere else. 10,000 hours of climbing experience before you get to take on Everest. That will prevent deaths and it will prevent the kind of adventure tourism that is polluting the peak.
08:31 PM on 05/28/2012
I totally agree. It was only after reading about this that I found out that novice climbers could do this. I always assumed you needed a lot of experience before being allowed to climb Everest. I also find it weird that a novice climber would even want to try to to climb Everest. Like you said, that would be like having a new driver join a nascar race. Most people with any sense would not want to do that. It is very tragic what happened, but she is fully responsible for what happened. That being said, they really should have tighter restrictions on who can climb Everest.
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calisel99
life began wit the first self replicating molecule
02:10 PM on 05/29/2012
yes you are absolutely right on
02:07 PM on 05/28/2012
I am sorry for the woman's family as they lost someone they loved. I applaud this column for pointing out the stupidity and ego that makes a person's loved ones mourn.
01:41 PM on 05/28/2012
Good read...and smart thinking. I like that you programmed yourself with strategic decisions prior to climbing rather than having to come up with solutions with an oxygen starved brain.