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Irwin Cotler

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Government Has Trouble Vowing to Gay Marriage

Posted: 01/15/2012 12:08 pm

On Thursday morning, news broke that in a filing before the Ontario Superior Court in a same-sex divorce case, the government asserted that same-sex couples wed here are not legally married if their union would not be recognized in their home countries. On Thursday afternoon, the government announced that it would address the situation of same-sex couples unable to divorce here, but did not actually declare that it viewed them as legally married. On Friday, Justice Minister Rob Nicholson declared that the government viewed such unions as valid, but blamed the situation on the previous Liberal government by saying, "This is a legislative gap left by the Liberal government of the day when the law was changed in 2005."

While it certainly would be a convenient excuse to blame the government in which I served for this situation, the minister's contention simply does not stand up to the facts.

First and foremost, there was never a question that these marriages were valid until the filing of the government before the Ontario Court. Simply put, the validity of these marriages was not in question a week ago, let alone in 2005 -- the government's filing created the issue and now the government is seeking to do damage control to contain the fallout from its mistake. Certainly, legislation to enshrine the validity of such marriages is welcome, but has really only been necessitated by the government's court filings.

Second, there is no legislative gap -- it is not as though consideration of the Civil Marriage Act ignored all discussion of divorce. Indeed, the Act actually amended the Divorce Act to modify the definition of spouse in order to accommodate same-sex divorce.

While it is true that there exists a Canadian residency requirement of one year before a couple may divorce here, this requirement applies to all marriages -- homosexual and heterosexual -- and existed long before same-sex marriage was adopted in this country. Indeed, this provision is from the 1985 Divorce Act introduced by the Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. Certainly, if this provision needed fixing so urgently as a result of same-sex marriage, the Conservatives have had ample opportunity to do so since their assent to power in 2006.

While it appears that the couple in this particular court case -- comprised of one partner from the UK and the other from Florida -- may not meet this requirement, the government could have rested its case here. Instead, the government went a step further and deserves to be called out on its approach -- it is one thing to say this couple cannot divorce because the residency requirement has not been met; it is an entirely different contention -- and an offensive if not discriminatory one -- to assert that the couple was never married in the first place. This is to turn fact and law on its head, while in the process undermining equality for gays and lesbians.

Briefly, the argument of the government here is that the only valid marriages of non-residents in Canada are those that would be recognized in their jurisdictions of origin. Certainly, if this were the case, why would Canadian authorities authorize all these marriages for all these years to begin with? And would not the opponents of gay marriage have asserted this from the moment the City of Toronto first handed out licenses to same-sex couples in 2003?

Such a contention impugns the status of not only the 5,000 or so same-sex couples wed here since the legalization of same-sex marriage, but it also opens the door to other challenges, even for some heterosexual couples. For example, in Saudi Arabia, women cannot marry non-Muslim men without official permission. Query: Is the Canadian marriage of a Saudi woman to a non-Muslim man absent official Saudi permission now also nullified? Is the interracial marriage of a South African couple hereby invalidated because the apartheid regime prohibited it? It is certainly curious, to say the least, that this alleged legal principle is being advanced for the first time in the case of a same-sex marriage.

While I take Prime Minister Stephen Harper at his word that he has no intention of re-opening the same-sex marriage debate, it is difficult to square this with the government's position in this case and another in which it is fighting against the Canadian recognition of a British same-sex union. And, indeed, why did the government's statement of Thursday afternoon only indicate it would address the residency issue but not go so far as to declare the marriages valid?

Simply put, the government created an issue where none existed and now seeks to blame the Liberals. Moreover, it has yet to explain how the Minister of Justice can contend the government views such marriages as valid when a lawyer for the Department of Justice filed the contrary view in court.

Does the government plan to amend its argument? Will they say the lawyer acted without authority?

Surely, there is a debate to be had in Parliament about the residency requirement for divorce. We can imagine that for couples from abroad -- gay or straight -- it may be nearly impossible to garner status for a year here, or one might be prevented by visa restrictions from working while here such that a divorce is cost prohibitive.

Certainly, a policy decision in this regard has important consequences for immigration law, tourism revenue from those who seek to marry here, and the overall use of judicial resources spent addressing divorce cases.

As President of Egale Canada and McGill Law Professor Robert Leckey put it yesterday, "What's plain is that, even after a big victory such as same-sex marriage, equality can be eroded in incremental, bureaucratic ways." Canada has had a reputation of being a world leader when it comes to recognizing the rights and equal status of gays and lesbians. Now is not the time to be undermining equality and turning back the clock, or blaming others for one's own mistakes.

Irwin Cotler is the former Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada and a Professor of Law (Emeritus) at McGill University. While Minister he proposed the Civil Marriage Act, legalizing same-sex marriage in Canada.

 
 
 
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11:31 PM on 01/16/2012
living in california it is educational to read IRWIN'S assertions that i agree with totally.. lots of good health and for those wishing a respite from the artic chill ,come to southern california to thaw out steve greenwald 6193007229
02:09 PM on 01/16/2012
where's m. somerville? maybe she'll clear things up? hahaha.
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tnanimation
11:39 PM on 01/15/2012
'Simply put, the government created an issue where none existed ...'
Get ready for more of this in the coming years. This is the way the Harper government
does business, create a crisis, come to the rescue, blame the Liberals (or whoever
happens to be available). Canadians see through this easily.
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KevinVT
Prof. of Russian & GL Studies in VT
12:45 PM on 01/15/2012
Thanks for helping to clear this up!
01:05 PM on 01/14/2012
The Liberals as Government, brought in the law did you miss the same memo that the Globe writers appear to have missed - it, being the law happened in response to a SCoC ruling regarding same sex marriage.

Why should the CPC be held to account because the Liberals wrote a law, that made same sex marriages not valid and did so at the same time as they were writing the law.

There’s only one way to be sure of these things, however. If you want the benefit of Canadian law, it’s generally best to live on Canadian soil.

.....

There’s no actual controversy on this point. It’s supported by reams of precedent. It’s not some invention of this government, or of Canada for that matter, but is part of the fabric of international law.

The “formal validity” of the marriage — that is, whether the vows were exchanged in the appropriate manner— is determined by the laws of the place where the marriage was performed. But the “essential validity” — that is, whether the couple were eligible to get married at all — is determined by the laws of each partner’s “ante-nuptial domicile,” the place they lived before they were married
11:08 PM on 01/14/2012
First you say, "Why should the CPC be held to account because the Liberals wrote a law, that made same sex marriages not valid and did so at the same time as they were writing the law."

But then you quote an 1888 British Common Law (the "law of domicile") to defend your "essential validity" vs. "formal validity" quibble. I can't remember the Whigs OR the Tories discussing/debating/passing laws about same-gender marriage back then.

Abolish the 19th Century now.

P.S. Thanks Mr. Cotler for all you did for equality in Canada. I appreciate it. And the compassion and logic in this article too.
09:51 AM on 01/14/2012
Example 724 of Harper exploiting a wedge issue to buff his cred with the knuckle-dragging base that got him elected. It's vintage Harper - tweak a small special interest demographic (gays) that would never vote for him anyway, annoy small L liberals who, between sips of their lattes, care about equality, and rev up his supporters. He can state that he isn't going to reopen the gay marriage issue, but his base knows this game by now, and they will be chuckling away at his backdoor attack. They eat this stuff up - it's revenge and vindication for them and he knows it.

Meanwhile, the NDP is imploding under the weight of even modest expectations of performance as official opposition. The Liberals continue to flail even as they fall further from relevance. Rae has done well as interim leader, but is unelectable as official leader. Not a single person from either party has the vision, charisma and political instincts to challenge Harper come election time. I fear the country I love will suffer thugiffication by a thousand incremental cuts, against the will of a majority of the population.
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Tony frm Banff
Search for truth,not spin
11:34 AM on 01/14/2012
Oh Roberto! dont worry the Liberals will be back come the next election, I am sure the Canadian voter will be back to the Liberal fold come 2015. The Liberals may not form a government but will be back to at least the official opposition with maybe even a coalition to take back the house from these over spending cons.
12:16 PM on 01/14/2012
I don't see a shred of evidence to support your contention. The Libs are clearly in disarray and the NDP "success" was a one off victory that isn't sustainable. Harper has a sophisticated machine and much more money. Unless big changes happen soon with the opposition parties, Harper will win again.
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tnanimation
11:43 PM on 01/15/2012
'The Liberals continue to flail even as they fall further from relevance'
Clearly you are not watching polling on this. Four years is an eternity
in politics, both the NDP and Liberals will be ready come election
time armed with plenty of ammunition as Harper's Reform government
lurches from one crisis to the next.
01:06 AM on 01/14/2012
hmmm, interesting. i am torn on this issue. there's a disconnect between the procedural part of the law, e.g. honouring a contract, and the more symbolic, value-laden part of the law (in my opinion).

if the marriage is legal in canada it's not necessarily legal everywhere else - think about it. it would essentially be writing law for other countries. we can say that we hope they honour the contract in the country they currently live in, but we cannot enforce it. it would violate sovereignty. they could probably live in canada for a year and then get divorced - that would fulfill the requirement. alternatively, government could make amendments to the divorce law to accomodate this.

i will say it seems the government may be guilty of breaking a part of their contract in having the leader or spokespeople say that "they were never married." not true - they were legally married in toronto, or wherever they were married. we can guarantee that if you leave our country and live somewhere else that you'll also be recognized, but you could live in canada and enjoy these types of rights and freedoms. etc...
06:11 PM on 01/15/2012
Get the State out of marriage. Marriage was "legal" before there ever was a state. It's Gay Marriage that needs the coercive power to force the rest of us to recognize it. It was a huge mistake for government to get involved with this.
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tnanimation
11:44 PM on 01/15/2012
Your knuckles must be just killin' ya!
01:26 AM on 01/16/2012
i would agree marriage has been a convention for a long time, well before the idea of a state. but marriage for the most part has been, and still is in many parts of the world, simply about property. the reasons the state is "in" marriage at all is only due to property rights, taxes, and welfare of children.
i say take the religious basis for marriage out and re-define marriage to include same-sex marriages.
i don't think it's a mistake for the government to be involved in this debate.
Donna Meness
www.findmaisyandshannon.com
12:30 AM on 01/14/2012
3. In 2005 as leader of the opposition, Stephen Harper protested Bill C-38 (same-sex marriage) by suggesting that if would mean that religious schools couldn't fire gay teachers.

... the comments brought back memories of Mr. Harper’s voting record as an MP. Back in 1996, Mr. Harper voted against amending the Canadian Human Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The effect of that law was to make it illegal, among other things, to fire someone because they’re gay or lesbian. Mr. Harper voted to allow continued workplace discrimination.

http://pushedleft.blogspot.com/2011/01/ten-more-conservative-misdeeds-for-tgif.html
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Tony frm Banff
Search for truth,not spin
11:40 AM on 01/14/2012
Very interesting link Donna, it just brought back memories of why Harper and the cons cannot be trusted. They are tainted with this hate and greed for power worse than the Liberals ever were. I forgot about a lot of the stuff in this blog. Thanks, I put it into my favorites for future reference. FandF
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CanadaStan
Cogito ergo spud, I think, therefore I yam
03:17 PM on 01/14/2012
The liberals voted overwhelminlg against SSM in 2002.
Then they did a 180.
06:12 PM on 01/15/2012
My guess is that someone had something on Chretien....
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Tyler Austin
Women = people. Corperations ≠ people.
10:18 PM on 01/13/2012
The world needs more Canada in it, not less.
If our morals and values are so self evident here in Canada why should we be so quick to disavow them to others?
07:18 PM on 01/14/2012
Why hasn't there been an update by Cotler? The whole sh*t-storm was a PR campaign, very poorly done, so the Cons could blame it all on the Liberals, so the Cons can pretend to be 'centrist', and a seeyalater to Reformers who may still feel inclined to kiebosh the Cons next election victory.

The marriages are valid inside and outside of Canada. period.
07:29 AM on 01/16/2012
And since when does Canadian Law apply to non-Canadians living in another country?